TEST BANK-THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
1
,Table of Contents
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook.
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
2.Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
3.Jung's Analytical Psychology.
4.Adler's Individual Psychology.
5.Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
6.Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology.
7.Kohut's Self Psychology.
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
8.Allport's Trait Theory.
9.Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology.
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
2
,PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position.
13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory.
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis.
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN
CONTEMPORARY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality
Psychology.
3
, CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us
understand ourselves and other people better and gives us a greater
appreciation for the complexity of human experience.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set
of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences
his or her cognitions, motivations and behaviors in various situations.
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned
with the description, explanation, prediction, and control of events.
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual
statements that are created by investigators to account for a
phenomenon or a set of phenomena.
2. Kinds of theories
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena
derived from facts.
b. deductive-theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from
abstract propositions and then tested by the collection of data.
Deductive theories consist of postulates, propositions, conceptual
definitions, operational definitions, hypotheses, and empirical
observations.
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory.
They are taken as self- evidently true in order to provide a clear
and focused direction for theorizing and research.
2. propositions- general relational statements that may be true or
false. They are not tested directly; instead, hypotheses are derived
from them.
3. hypotheses-specific propositions containing constructs that are
conceptually defined and operationalized so they can tested and
confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical testing. Hypotheses are
tentative theoretical statements about how events are related to one
another, often stated as predictions.
a. a prior predictions-predictions made before the collection of data.
4. conceptual definitions- concepts in the hypotheses are defined
precisely so that accurate measures of the concepts can be devised.
5. operational definitions- procedures (or operations) used to define
particular constructs.
6. empirical observations-observations of phenomena made by
investigators.
4
1
,Table of Contents
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook.
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
2.Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
3.Jung's Analytical Psychology.
4.Adler's Individual Psychology.
5.Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
6.Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology.
7.Kohut's Self Psychology.
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
8.Allport's Trait Theory.
9.Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology.
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
2
,PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position.
13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory.
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis.
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN
CONTEMPORARY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality
Psychology.
3
, CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us
understand ourselves and other people better and gives us a greater
appreciation for the complexity of human experience.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set
of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences
his or her cognitions, motivations and behaviors in various situations.
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned
with the description, explanation, prediction, and control of events.
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual
statements that are created by investigators to account for a
phenomenon or a set of phenomena.
2. Kinds of theories
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena
derived from facts.
b. deductive-theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from
abstract propositions and then tested by the collection of data.
Deductive theories consist of postulates, propositions, conceptual
definitions, operational definitions, hypotheses, and empirical
observations.
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory.
They are taken as self- evidently true in order to provide a clear
and focused direction for theorizing and research.
2. propositions- general relational statements that may be true or
false. They are not tested directly; instead, hypotheses are derived
from them.
3. hypotheses-specific propositions containing constructs that are
conceptually defined and operationalized so they can tested and
confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical testing. Hypotheses are
tentative theoretical statements about how events are related to one
another, often stated as predictions.
a. a prior predictions-predictions made before the collection of data.
4. conceptual definitions- concepts in the hypotheses are defined
precisely so that accurate measures of the concepts can be devised.
5. operational definitions- procedures (or operations) used to define
particular constructs.
6. empirical observations-observations of phenomena made by
investigators.
4
