Exam 2026 | Study Guide,
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
Included
, Dyspnea shortness of breath/ difficulty breathing
Nocturnal dyspnea difficulty breathing at night
Tension pneumothorax a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from
escaping
Tracheostomy tubes artificial airways that are surgically placed directly into the trachea.
The goals of the upper airway filter, warm, moisten/humidify
The goal of the lower airway gas exchange
Blood pH 7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)
Homeostatisis maintaining a constant internal state in a changing environment
RR of an adult 12-20
RR of children 15-30
RR of an infant 30-60
Respiratory Rate (RR) number of breaths per minute
Gas Exchange process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
in the alveoli
Exhaling 16% Oxygen 5% Carbon
Inhaling 21% Oxygen .5% Carbon
Most common airway obstruction tongue
Pathophysiology of COPD airflow limitation and gas trapping
gas exchange abnormalities
mucus hypersecretion
pulmonary hypertension (harder to pump blood in lungs)