PHARMACOLOGY EXAM vc
Exam Solution
vc
WGU Pathophysiology D236 WGU D236 Patho Megan/S
vc vc vc vc vc vc
hay’s Study Guides WGU D236 Patho 2026 A+ GRADE AS
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
vc vc vc vc vc
S (070DF)
vc
QUESTION 1 vc
Oncotic
ANSWER
a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 2 vc
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary deter
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
minant of oncotic pressure
vc vc vc
ANSWER
albumin
QUESTION 3 vc
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Albumin
QUESTION 4 vc
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Possible answer: naive T cells
vc vc vc vc
,QUESTION 5 vc
Fluid deficit causes
vc vc
ANSWER
-Excessive loss -Inadequate intake -Or combination of both
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 6 vc
Fluid deficit risk factors
vc vc vc
ANSWER
-Vomiting/diarrhea -Excessive sweating -Insufficient water intake
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 7 vc
Fluid deficit manifestations
vc vc
ANSWER
-dry mucous membranes -decreased skin turgor -decreased urine output -low blood pressure -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tachycardia -confusion vc
QUESTION 8 vc
ROME for ABGs vc vc
ANSWER
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature If they are moving the same directio
c vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
n then it is metabolic in nature
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 9 vc
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a blood pH
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
of _______
vc
ANSWER
7.35-7.45
QUESTION 10 vc
,To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer sy
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
stems:
ANSWER
proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 11 vc
Carbonic acid- vc
bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of defense is _____
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
respirations; kidneys vc
QUESTION 12 vc
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation
vc vc vc
ANSWER
The equation moves in both directions
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 13 vc
CABS Equation: When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
H+ and HCO3- ions
vc vc vc
ANSWER
toward the right vc vc
QUESTION 14 vc
CABS Equation: When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are conv
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
erted to CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
toward the left vc vc
QUESTION 15 vc
CO2 levels vc
ANSWER
35-45
, QUESTION 16 vc
HCO3 levels vc
ANSWER
22-26
QUESTION 17 vc
There is a question about hypoventilation or hyperventilation
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Metabolic acidosis pH <7.35 = respirations increase in depth and rate to blow off CO2 Metabolic alkalosi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s pH >7.45 = respirations slow down to increase CO2 retention Respiratory acidosis = excess CO2 has ac
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
cumulated which is generating H+ Respiratory alkalosis = lungs blow off too much CO2, creating less H+
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
in blood
c vc
QUESTION 18 vc
What is excreted in response to fluid volume overload?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Natriuretic peptides vc
QUESTION 19 vc
Natriuretic peptides vc
ANSWER
hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 20 vc
Natriuretic peptides signals _____ urine output and ____ fluid volume
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
increase; reduce vc
QUESTION 21 vc
Exam Solution
vc
WGU Pathophysiology D236 WGU D236 Patho Megan/S
vc vc vc vc vc vc
hay’s Study Guides WGU D236 Patho 2026 A+ GRADE AS
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
vc vc vc vc vc
S (070DF)
vc
QUESTION 1 vc
Oncotic
ANSWER
a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 2 vc
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary deter
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
minant of oncotic pressure
vc vc vc
ANSWER
albumin
QUESTION 3 vc
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Albumin
QUESTION 4 vc
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Possible answer: naive T cells
vc vc vc vc
,QUESTION 5 vc
Fluid deficit causes
vc vc
ANSWER
-Excessive loss -Inadequate intake -Or combination of both
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 6 vc
Fluid deficit risk factors
vc vc vc
ANSWER
-Vomiting/diarrhea -Excessive sweating -Insufficient water intake
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 7 vc
Fluid deficit manifestations
vc vc
ANSWER
-dry mucous membranes -decreased skin turgor -decreased urine output -low blood pressure -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tachycardia -confusion vc
QUESTION 8 vc
ROME for ABGs vc vc
ANSWER
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature If they are moving the same directio
c vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
n then it is metabolic in nature
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 9 vc
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a blood pH
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
of _______
vc
ANSWER
7.35-7.45
QUESTION 10 vc
,To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer sy
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
stems:
ANSWER
proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 11 vc
Carbonic acid- vc
bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of defense is _____
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
respirations; kidneys vc
QUESTION 12 vc
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation
vc vc vc
ANSWER
The equation moves in both directions
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 13 vc
CABS Equation: When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
H+ and HCO3- ions
vc vc vc
ANSWER
toward the right vc vc
QUESTION 14 vc
CABS Equation: When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are conv
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
erted to CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled.
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
toward the left vc vc
QUESTION 15 vc
CO2 levels vc
ANSWER
35-45
, QUESTION 16 vc
HCO3 levels vc
ANSWER
22-26
QUESTION 17 vc
There is a question about hypoventilation or hyperventilation
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Metabolic acidosis pH <7.35 = respirations increase in depth and rate to blow off CO2 Metabolic alkalosi
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
s pH >7.45 = respirations slow down to increase CO2 retention Respiratory acidosis = excess CO2 has ac
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
cumulated which is generating H+ Respiratory alkalosis = lungs blow off too much CO2, creating less H+
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
in blood
c vc
QUESTION 18 vc
What is excreted in response to fluid volume overload?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
Natriuretic peptides vc
QUESTION 19 vc
Natriuretic peptides vc
ANSWER
hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 20 vc
Natriuretic peptides signals _____ urine output and ____ fluid volume
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
increase; reduce vc
QUESTION 21 vc
