PN VATI FUNDAMENTALS 2026 EXAM
FINAL SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What assessment findings would you expect for a client with
prolonged diarrhea?
Answer: - tachycardia;
- hypotension;
- fever;
- poor skin turgor;
[all manifestations caused by dehydration]
⩥ What are signs and symptoms of *dehydration*?
Answer: -Dry mucous membranes; Dry tongue; Sunken eyeballs;
-Hypotension; Tachycardia; Fever;
-Poor skin turgor; Decreased urine output;
-Confusion; Upper body weakness; Decreased weight
⩥ What are signs and symptoms of *dehydration* in an *OLDER
ADULT*?
Answer: - slowed cap refill;
,- sunken eyes;
- oliguria;
- poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of
hand for older adults due to decreased elasticity]
⩥ What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is *breast
milk fed*?
Answer: watery and yellow-brown
⩥ What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is *formula
fed*?.
Answer: pasty and brown
⩥ What is the bowel prep for a colonoscopy?.
Answer: clear liquids only and a bowel cleanser
⩥ What type of sedation is given for a colonoscopy?.
Answer: moderate [aka conscious] sedation
⩥ When performing an emema, what determines the depth of
cleansing?.
Answer: the height of the bag above the rectum
, ⩥ What solutions are used for cleansing enemas?.
Answer: - tap water;
- normal saline;
- soapsuds solution;
- hypertonic solution like Fleet
⩥ What is the purpose of a tap water enema?.
Answer: *NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid
overload*
- to stimulate evacuation;
- use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution,
thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid;
- should only be performed once - do not repeat
⩥ What is the purpose of a soap suds enema?.
Answer: - to act as an irritant *to promote bowel peristalsis*;
- use only pure castile soap in tap water or normal saline
⩥ What is the purpose of a normal saline enema?.
Answer: - volume stimulate peristalsis;
- safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure
FINAL SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What assessment findings would you expect for a client with
prolonged diarrhea?
Answer: - tachycardia;
- hypotension;
- fever;
- poor skin turgor;
[all manifestations caused by dehydration]
⩥ What are signs and symptoms of *dehydration*?
Answer: -Dry mucous membranes; Dry tongue; Sunken eyeballs;
-Hypotension; Tachycardia; Fever;
-Poor skin turgor; Decreased urine output;
-Confusion; Upper body weakness; Decreased weight
⩥ What are signs and symptoms of *dehydration* in an *OLDER
ADULT*?
Answer: - slowed cap refill;
,- sunken eyes;
- oliguria;
- poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of
hand for older adults due to decreased elasticity]
⩥ What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is *breast
milk fed*?
Answer: watery and yellow-brown
⩥ What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is *formula
fed*?.
Answer: pasty and brown
⩥ What is the bowel prep for a colonoscopy?.
Answer: clear liquids only and a bowel cleanser
⩥ What type of sedation is given for a colonoscopy?.
Answer: moderate [aka conscious] sedation
⩥ When performing an emema, what determines the depth of
cleansing?.
Answer: the height of the bag above the rectum
, ⩥ What solutions are used for cleansing enemas?.
Answer: - tap water;
- normal saline;
- soapsuds solution;
- hypertonic solution like Fleet
⩥ What is the purpose of a tap water enema?.
Answer: *NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid
overload*
- to stimulate evacuation;
- use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution,
thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid;
- should only be performed once - do not repeat
⩥ What is the purpose of a soap suds enema?.
Answer: - to act as an irritant *to promote bowel peristalsis*;
- use only pure castile soap in tap water or normal saline
⩥ What is the purpose of a normal saline enema?.
Answer: - volume stimulate peristalsis;
- safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure
