UTA MICROBIOLOGY EXAM TWO
CHAPTER FOUR FIVE SIX
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What diseases can be caused by spores?
Answer: tetanus
gas gangrene
⩥ A bacteria without a capsule is ____.
Answer: nonpathogenic
⩥ What features help bacteria attach to human cell?
Answer: -capsule
-pili
⩥ Flagella may allow some bacteria species to cause _____ Flagella
also allow laboratories to identify _____..
Answer: UTI
specific antibodies
⩥ The _____ bacterial component exhibits the most antigenic variation.
,Answer: Capsule
⩥ Pili usually found on which bacteria?
Answer: gram negative
⩥ Glycocalyx is aka as ______.
Answer: slime layer
⩥ Glycocalyx adheres firmly to which structures?.
Answer: skin
heart valves
prosthetic joints
IV catheters
teeth
⩥ Bacteria have capsules composed of ______..
Answer: Polysaccharide
⩥ Gram staining procedure.
Answer: (1) The crystal violet dye stains all cells blue/purple.
(2) Iodine solution forms crystal violet-iodine complex; all cells
continue to appear blue.
, (3) Organic solvent, (acetone or ethanol) extracts blue dye complex from
the gram-negative bacteria more than from gram-positive bacteria;
gram-negative organisms appear colorless; gram-positive bacteria
remain blue. (4) Red dye safranin stains gram-negative cells red/pink;
the gram-positive bacteria remain blue.
⩥ Medically important bacteria that CANNOT be seen in gram stain.
Answer: -Mycobacteria
-Treponema pallidium
-mycoplasma
-Legionella pneumophila
-Chlamydiae
-Rickettsiae
⩥ POLLEV: In the gram stain procedure, bacteria are exposed to 95%
alcohol or to an acetone/alcohol mixture. The purpose of this step is to:.
Answer: disrupt the outer cell membrane so the purple dye can leave the
bacteria
⩥ POLLEV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains well with the acid-fast,
but not with the Gram stain. Which one 0f the following is the most
likely reason for this observation?.
Answer: it has a large amount of lipid that prevents entry if the purple
dye
CHAPTER FOUR FIVE SIX
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What diseases can be caused by spores?
Answer: tetanus
gas gangrene
⩥ A bacteria without a capsule is ____.
Answer: nonpathogenic
⩥ What features help bacteria attach to human cell?
Answer: -capsule
-pili
⩥ Flagella may allow some bacteria species to cause _____ Flagella
also allow laboratories to identify _____..
Answer: UTI
specific antibodies
⩥ The _____ bacterial component exhibits the most antigenic variation.
,Answer: Capsule
⩥ Pili usually found on which bacteria?
Answer: gram negative
⩥ Glycocalyx is aka as ______.
Answer: slime layer
⩥ Glycocalyx adheres firmly to which structures?.
Answer: skin
heart valves
prosthetic joints
IV catheters
teeth
⩥ Bacteria have capsules composed of ______..
Answer: Polysaccharide
⩥ Gram staining procedure.
Answer: (1) The crystal violet dye stains all cells blue/purple.
(2) Iodine solution forms crystal violet-iodine complex; all cells
continue to appear blue.
, (3) Organic solvent, (acetone or ethanol) extracts blue dye complex from
the gram-negative bacteria more than from gram-positive bacteria;
gram-negative organisms appear colorless; gram-positive bacteria
remain blue. (4) Red dye safranin stains gram-negative cells red/pink;
the gram-positive bacteria remain blue.
⩥ Medically important bacteria that CANNOT be seen in gram stain.
Answer: -Mycobacteria
-Treponema pallidium
-mycoplasma
-Legionella pneumophila
-Chlamydiae
-Rickettsiae
⩥ POLLEV: In the gram stain procedure, bacteria are exposed to 95%
alcohol or to an acetone/alcohol mixture. The purpose of this step is to:.
Answer: disrupt the outer cell membrane so the purple dye can leave the
bacteria
⩥ POLLEV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains well with the acid-fast,
but not with the Gram stain. Which one 0f the following is the most
likely reason for this observation?.
Answer: it has a large amount of lipid that prevents entry if the purple
dye
