CSL – Language and Formalisation PH111 Lecture 2 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ Complete Revision Notes and Practice Material

CSL- LANGUAGE AND FORMALISATION PH111 LECTURE 2




CSL- LANGUAGE AND FORMALISATION PH111 LECTURE 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+




What is the principle of formality? ANS >> If two arguments have the
same form, they have the same logical status (both valid or both
invalid).


How do counterexamples work? ANS >> We can show an argument A
is not valid by showing that there is an argument C of the same form
that has true premises and a false conclusion.


What is a statement? ANS >> A sentence that makes a factual claim-
declarative sentences carrying truth values.


What is a simple statement? ANS >> Don’t contain further statements
as parts/ statements ascribing a property to an object or ascribing a
relation to (several) objects.

, CSL- LANGUAGE AND FORMALISATION PH111 LECTURE 2




What is a complex statement? ANS >> Contain further statements as
parts.


What is a singular term? ANS >> expressions intended to denote a
singular object.


What is a predicate? ANS >> expressions ascribing properties or
relations.


What is an arity? ANS >> A number of places a predicate has- e.g.
binary (2-place, such as ...discusses with...)


What is the symbol for negation in logic? ANS >> ¬


What is the symbol for conjunction in logic? ANS >> ∧


What is the symbol for disjunction in logic? ANS >> ∨


What is the symbol for the conditional in logic? ANS >> →


What is the symbol for the biconditional in logic? ANS >> ↔