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Section 1: DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation
(Questions 1-15)
Q1
During DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand in the 5'→3'
direction only?
A. DNA ligase
B. DNA polymerase III
C. DNA helicase
D. Primase
Correct Answer: B. DNA polymerase III [CORRECT]
Rationale: DNA polymerase III is the main replicative enzyme that synthesizes DNA
exclusively in the 5'→3' direction, adding nucleotides to the 3'-OH end. Option A
(DNA ligase) joins Okazaki fragments; Option C (DNA helicase) unwinds DNA; Option
D (primase) synthesizes RNA primers but does not extend DNA chains. WGU C785
Module 2: DNA Replication.
Q2
A researcher observes that one DNA strand is synthesized continuously while the
other is synthesized in short fragments. What is the name of the continuously
synthesized strand?
,A. Lagging strand
B. Okazaki strand
C. Leading strand
D. Template strand
Correct Answer: C. Leading strand [CORRECT]
Rationale: The leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork
(5'→3'), while the lagging strand (Option A) is synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki
fragments (Option B). Option D (template strand) is the parental strand being copied,
not the new strand. WGU C785 Module 2: Replication Fork Dynamics.
Q3
Which statement correctly describes Okazaki fragments?
A. They are found on the leading strand and joined by DNA polymerase I
B. They are found on the lagging strand and joined by DNA ligase
C. They are RNA primers synthesized by primase
D. They are found on both strands during replication
Correct Answer: B. They are found on the lagging strand and joined by DNA ligase
[CORRECT]
Rationale: Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments (1000-2000 nucleotides in
prokaryotes, 100-200 in eukaryotes) synthesized on the lagging strand and sealed by
DNA ligase. Option A is wrong—leading strand is continuous; Option C confuses
fragments with primers; Option D is wrong—only the lagging strand uses fragments.
WGU C785 Module 2: Lagging Strand Synthesis.
Q4
During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template?
A. DNA polymerase II
B. RNA polymerase II
,C. Reverse transcriptase
D. Telomerase
Correct Answer: B. RNA polymerase II [CORRECT]
Rationale: RNA polymerase II transcribes protein-coding genes into pre-mRNA in
eukaryotes. Option A (DNA polymerase II) is involved in DNA repair; Option C
(reverse transcriptase) synthesizes DNA from RNA (retroviruses); Option D
(telomerase) extends chromosome ends. WGU C785 Module 3: Transcription
Machinery.
Q5
A pre-mRNA molecule undergoes processing before leaving the nucleus. Which
modification is added to the 5' end?
A. Poly-A tail of 100-250 adenine nucleotides
B. 7-methylguanosine cap
C. Spliceosome complex
D. RNA editing enzymes
Correct Answer: B. 7-methylguanosine cap [CORRECT]
Rationale: The 5' cap (7-methylguanosine) protects mRNA from degradation, aids
ribosome binding, and prevents 5'→3' exonuclease attack. Option A is added to the
3' end; Option C removes introns; Option D alters specific nucleotides but is not a
standard processing step. WGU C785 Module 3: mRNA Processing.
Q6
Which post-transcriptional modification protects the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA and
aids in nuclear export?
A. 5' capping
B. Polyadenylation
, C. Splicing
D. C-methylation
Correct Answer: B. Polyadenylation [CORRECT]
Rationale: The poly-A tail (150-250 adenines) stabilizes mRNA, prevents
degradation, and facilitates nuclear export and translation initiation. Option A
protects the 5' end; Option C removes introns; Option D is not a standard mRNA
modification. WGU C785 Module 3: mRNA Processing.
Q7
A tRNA molecule has the anticodon 3'-UAC-5'. Which mRNA codon will it recognize?
A. 5'-AUG-3'
B. 5'-UAC-3'
C. 5'-CAU-3'
D. 5'-GUA-3'
Correct Answer: A. 5'-AUG-3' [CORRECT]
Rationale: Anticodon 3'-UAC-5' pairs with codon 5'-AUG-3' (antiparallel,
complementary base pairing: U↔A, A↔U, C↔G). Option B is the DNA coding strand
sequence; Option C is the reverse complement; Option D is incorrect pairing. WGU
C785 Module 4: Genetic Code & tRNA.
Q8
At which ribosomal site does the growing polypeptide chain reside during translation
elongation?
A. A site (aminoacyl site)
B. P site (peptidyl site)
C. E site (exit site)
D. Small ribosomal subunit