NSG 2317 Exam Review – Comprehensive Health Assessment Nursing Study
Guide
what are the sources of pain? - ANS ✔✔- visceral pain
- deep somatic pain
- cutaneous pain
- referred pain
what are the two types of pain? - ANS ✔✔- acute pain
- chronic pain
what is another name for chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- persistant pain
what are the characteristics of acute pain? - ANS ✔✔- rapid onset recalled by the patient
- localized (patient can point to it)
- most intense immediately after onset and then it decreases
- anxiety is the immediate psychological reaction, followed by adaptive biological response
(withdrawing, holding, covering injured part to protect it)
- short term
- self-limiting
- follows a predictable trajectory
- dissipates after the injury heals
what are the characteristics of chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- insidious onset that is not precisely
recalled
- lasts > 6 months or longer than expected for a given healing process
- continuous pain that is always there with periods of exacerbation
,- associated depression, anxiety, personality disorders
- vegetative signs (sleep disturbance, appetite changes, change in sexual function)
- biological response that is NOT adaptive
- continues for 6 months or longer
- types are malignant (cancer-related) and nonmalignant
- does not stop when the injury heals
what are tools used to assess pain? - ANS ✔✔- initial pain assessment
- brief pain inventory
- short-form mcgill pain questionnaire
- pain rating scales (numeric rating scales and descriptor scale)
what are some behaviours of a patient experiencing acute pain? - ANS ✔✔- guarding
- grimacing
- vocalizations (moaning, groaning etc)
- agitation, restlessness
- stillness
- diaphoresis
- change in vital signs
what are some behaviours of a patient experiencing chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- bracing
- rubbing
- diminished activity
- sighing
- change in activity
- being with other people
, - movement
- exercise
- prayer
- sleeping
what does OPQRSTUV stand for? - ANS ✔✔O - onset
P - provocative, palliative
Q - quality of the pain
R - region of the body, radiation
S - severity of pain
T - treatment, timing
U - understanding of pain
V - values
O - onset - ANS ✔✔- when did the pain start?
what is the goal of "O" (onset) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the onset of pain (when
active or resting) and whether the pain is acute or chronic
what is the goal of "P" (palliative, provocative) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the quality
of pain and differentiate between nociceptive and neuropathic pain mechanisms
- to identify alleviating and aggravating factors
- to evaluate the effectiveness of current treatment
what is the goal of "Q" (quality of pain) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the mechanism of
pain (terms such as "throbbing", "aching", "shooting", "dull" etc may provide clues)
Guide
what are the sources of pain? - ANS ✔✔- visceral pain
- deep somatic pain
- cutaneous pain
- referred pain
what are the two types of pain? - ANS ✔✔- acute pain
- chronic pain
what is another name for chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- persistant pain
what are the characteristics of acute pain? - ANS ✔✔- rapid onset recalled by the patient
- localized (patient can point to it)
- most intense immediately after onset and then it decreases
- anxiety is the immediate psychological reaction, followed by adaptive biological response
(withdrawing, holding, covering injured part to protect it)
- short term
- self-limiting
- follows a predictable trajectory
- dissipates after the injury heals
what are the characteristics of chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- insidious onset that is not precisely
recalled
- lasts > 6 months or longer than expected for a given healing process
- continuous pain that is always there with periods of exacerbation
,- associated depression, anxiety, personality disorders
- vegetative signs (sleep disturbance, appetite changes, change in sexual function)
- biological response that is NOT adaptive
- continues for 6 months or longer
- types are malignant (cancer-related) and nonmalignant
- does not stop when the injury heals
what are tools used to assess pain? - ANS ✔✔- initial pain assessment
- brief pain inventory
- short-form mcgill pain questionnaire
- pain rating scales (numeric rating scales and descriptor scale)
what are some behaviours of a patient experiencing acute pain? - ANS ✔✔- guarding
- grimacing
- vocalizations (moaning, groaning etc)
- agitation, restlessness
- stillness
- diaphoresis
- change in vital signs
what are some behaviours of a patient experiencing chronic pain? - ANS ✔✔- bracing
- rubbing
- diminished activity
- sighing
- change in activity
- being with other people
, - movement
- exercise
- prayer
- sleeping
what does OPQRSTUV stand for? - ANS ✔✔O - onset
P - provocative, palliative
Q - quality of the pain
R - region of the body, radiation
S - severity of pain
T - treatment, timing
U - understanding of pain
V - values
O - onset - ANS ✔✔- when did the pain start?
what is the goal of "O" (onset) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the onset of pain (when
active or resting) and whether the pain is acute or chronic
what is the goal of "P" (palliative, provocative) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the quality
of pain and differentiate between nociceptive and neuropathic pain mechanisms
- to identify alleviating and aggravating factors
- to evaluate the effectiveness of current treatment
what is the goal of "Q" (quality of pain) in OPQRSTUV? - ANS ✔✔- to identify the mechanism of
pain (terms such as "throbbing", "aching", "shooting", "dull" etc may provide clues)
