HPEX 310 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
Cardiovascular Disease - ANSWERS-Any disease that affects the heart or blood
vessels
-Leading cause of death
-17+ million deaths per year
-Expected to rise to 23+ million by 2030
CVD in the US - ANSWERS-#1 cause of death in the USA
-Accounts for nearly 1 out of every 3 deaths
-~86 Million Americans have some form of CVD
-~787,000 people die annually fro CV disorders
-Estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other related costs exceeded $480
billion in 2015
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ANSWERS- aka Artery Disease
- Often associated w/ heart attacks
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWERSGroup of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or
hardening of arteries
Atherosclerosis - ANSWERSSpecial type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial
blockage from a build up of fatty deposits (plaque)
Rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) - ANSWERSdecreases blood flow
and results in tissue death!
-Heart Attack - in heart
-Stroke - in brain
-Pulmonary Embolism - in lungs
Recognizing a heart attack - ANSWERS-Pain/discomfort in chest, neck, jaw, arms
(angina
-Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion (dyspnea)
-Dizziness or syncope (lack of oxygen to brain)
-Orthopnea (laying down) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (cannot get any air)
-Ankle edema (swelling in ankle)
-Palpitations or tachycardia
-Intermittent claudication
-Known heart murmur
-Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath w/ usual activities
Non-modifiable Risk Factors for CVD - ANSWERS-Age
, -Family History
Modifiable - ANSWERS-Cigarette smoking
-Physical inactivity
-Obesity
-Hypertension
-Dyslipidemia
-Diabetes
Hypertension - ANSWERS-Systolic BP > 130
-Diastolic BP > 80
- >130/80 used to be 140/90
-46% of US Adults have this
-"The Silent Killer"
Normal Blood Pressure - ANSWERS-Systolic BP < 120
-Diastolic BP < 80
- <120/80
Why is Hypertension bad? - ANSWERSIf have high amounts of pressure in your
arteries there will be damage in arteries wall ripping it to shreds allowing plaques to
enter
(athleriosclerosis)
Causes of Hypertension - ANSWERS-Genetics
-Sodium
-Obesity
-Stress
Dietary approach to stop HTN - ANSWERSDASH Diet: <1500 mg
"The Silent Killer" - ANSWERS-Hypertension
-If you have it you don't know you have it and it doesn't show any symptoms
Dyslipidemia - ANSWERS-Altered Cholesterol Profile
HDL-c - ANSWERS-Good
-Balances out the fat by bringing it to the liver to break it down
-Too LITTLE is BAD for health; 40 mg/dL
-Normal; 40-60 mg/dL
-HIGH is GOOD for health; >60 mg/dL
LDL-c - ANSWERS-Bad
-Attaches more fat and cholesterol to arteries
- <130 mg/dL = Desirable
- >130 mg/dL = Increased risk for CVD
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
Cardiovascular Disease - ANSWERS-Any disease that affects the heart or blood
vessels
-Leading cause of death
-17+ million deaths per year
-Expected to rise to 23+ million by 2030
CVD in the US - ANSWERS-#1 cause of death in the USA
-Accounts for nearly 1 out of every 3 deaths
-~86 Million Americans have some form of CVD
-~787,000 people die annually fro CV disorders
-Estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other related costs exceeded $480
billion in 2015
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ANSWERS- aka Artery Disease
- Often associated w/ heart attacks
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWERSGroup of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or
hardening of arteries
Atherosclerosis - ANSWERSSpecial type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial
blockage from a build up of fatty deposits (plaque)
Rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) - ANSWERSdecreases blood flow
and results in tissue death!
-Heart Attack - in heart
-Stroke - in brain
-Pulmonary Embolism - in lungs
Recognizing a heart attack - ANSWERS-Pain/discomfort in chest, neck, jaw, arms
(angina
-Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion (dyspnea)
-Dizziness or syncope (lack of oxygen to brain)
-Orthopnea (laying down) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (cannot get any air)
-Ankle edema (swelling in ankle)
-Palpitations or tachycardia
-Intermittent claudication
-Known heart murmur
-Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath w/ usual activities
Non-modifiable Risk Factors for CVD - ANSWERS-Age
, -Family History
Modifiable - ANSWERS-Cigarette smoking
-Physical inactivity
-Obesity
-Hypertension
-Dyslipidemia
-Diabetes
Hypertension - ANSWERS-Systolic BP > 130
-Diastolic BP > 80
- >130/80 used to be 140/90
-46% of US Adults have this
-"The Silent Killer"
Normal Blood Pressure - ANSWERS-Systolic BP < 120
-Diastolic BP < 80
- <120/80
Why is Hypertension bad? - ANSWERSIf have high amounts of pressure in your
arteries there will be damage in arteries wall ripping it to shreds allowing plaques to
enter
(athleriosclerosis)
Causes of Hypertension - ANSWERS-Genetics
-Sodium
-Obesity
-Stress
Dietary approach to stop HTN - ANSWERSDASH Diet: <1500 mg
"The Silent Killer" - ANSWERS-Hypertension
-If you have it you don't know you have it and it doesn't show any symptoms
Dyslipidemia - ANSWERS-Altered Cholesterol Profile
HDL-c - ANSWERS-Good
-Balances out the fat by bringing it to the liver to break it down
-Too LITTLE is BAD for health; 40 mg/dL
-Normal; 40-60 mg/dL
-HIGH is GOOD for health; >60 mg/dL
LDL-c - ANSWERS-Bad
-Attaches more fat and cholesterol to arteries
- <130 mg/dL = Desirable
- >130 mg/dL = Increased risk for CVD
