HPEX 310 FINAL EXAM REVIEW 100%
VERIFIED 2026
Benefits of Flexibility - ANSWERSIncreased join mobility, efficient body movement, and
good posture
Limits of Flexibility - ANSWERSThe shape of the bones, a stiff muscle, connective
tissue, tendons, or tight skin
Contributors of Lower Back Pain - ANSWERSPoor lower back lumbar flexibility, poor
hamstring flexibility, poor gluteal flexibility, poor strength of the anterior and lateral
abdominals, poor flexibility of the back extensor muscles
Good Posture - ANSWERSThe result of holding positions that place the least amount of
strain on the supporting muscles and ligaments around your joints
Stretch Reflex - ANSWERSInvoluntary contraction of a muscle due to rapid stretching of
that muscle
Hypokinetic Disease - ANSWERSDisease associated with a lack of exercise
Dynamic Stretching - ANSWERSStretching that involves moving the joints through the
full range of motion to mimic a movement used in a sport or exercise
Ballistic Stretching - ANSWERSType of stretch that involves sudden and forceful
bouncing to stretch the muscles
Static Stretching - ANSWERSStretching that slowly lengthens a muscle to a point where
further movement is limited
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation - ANSWERSSeries of movements combining
stretching with alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
Fat Soluble Vitamins - ANSWERSVitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in the body fat and
can therefore accumulate in body tissue
Water Soluble Vitamins - ANSWERSInclude B and C vitamins, not stored in the body
and are eliminated by the kidneys
Major Minerals - ANSWERSMinerals needed in higher amounts
Minor/Trace Minerals - ANSWERSMinerals needed in very small quantities
, Nutrients - ANSWERSSubstances in food that are necessary for survival and health
Saturated Fatty Acid - ANSWERSSolid at room temperature, found in both animal and
plant sources; diets high in saturated fatty acids have been shown to lead to heart
disease
Unsaturated Fatty Acid - ANSWERSFats found in plants and are liquid at room
temperature; they do not lead to higher cholesterol levels and do not increase the risk of
heart disease
Calories per gram of Fat - ANSWERS9
Calories per gram of Protein - ANSWERS4
Calories per gram of Carbohydrate - ANSWERS4
Water and its Function - ANSWERSMakes up 60-70% of total body weight and is
important for numerous functions including temperature regulation, digestion, nutrient
absorption, blood formation, and waste elimination
Essential Amino Acid - ANSWERS9 amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the
body and must be consumed in the diet
Nonessential Amino Acid - ANSWERS11 amino acids that the body can make and are
not necessary in the diet
Protein and its Function - ANSWERSform a major part of lean tissue, totaling 17-20% of
body weight, they serve as a structural unit to build and repair body tissues
Complete Protein - ANSWERSProteins containing all the essential amino acids
Incomplete Protein - ANSWERSProteins that are missing one or more of the essential
amino acids
Carbohydrate - ANSWERSMacronutrient that is a key energy source
Starch - ANSWERSLong chains of glucose units; found in foods such as corn, grains,
and potatoes
Micronutrient - ANSWERSVitamins and minerals; involved in many body processes,
including regulating cell function
Macronutrient - ANSWERSCarbohydrates, fats, protein, and water; necessary for
building and maintaining body tissues and providing energy
Lipid - ANSWERSCompounds that do not readily dissolve in water
VERIFIED 2026
Benefits of Flexibility - ANSWERSIncreased join mobility, efficient body movement, and
good posture
Limits of Flexibility - ANSWERSThe shape of the bones, a stiff muscle, connective
tissue, tendons, or tight skin
Contributors of Lower Back Pain - ANSWERSPoor lower back lumbar flexibility, poor
hamstring flexibility, poor gluteal flexibility, poor strength of the anterior and lateral
abdominals, poor flexibility of the back extensor muscles
Good Posture - ANSWERSThe result of holding positions that place the least amount of
strain on the supporting muscles and ligaments around your joints
Stretch Reflex - ANSWERSInvoluntary contraction of a muscle due to rapid stretching of
that muscle
Hypokinetic Disease - ANSWERSDisease associated with a lack of exercise
Dynamic Stretching - ANSWERSStretching that involves moving the joints through the
full range of motion to mimic a movement used in a sport or exercise
Ballistic Stretching - ANSWERSType of stretch that involves sudden and forceful
bouncing to stretch the muscles
Static Stretching - ANSWERSStretching that slowly lengthens a muscle to a point where
further movement is limited
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation - ANSWERSSeries of movements combining
stretching with alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
Fat Soluble Vitamins - ANSWERSVitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in the body fat and
can therefore accumulate in body tissue
Water Soluble Vitamins - ANSWERSInclude B and C vitamins, not stored in the body
and are eliminated by the kidneys
Major Minerals - ANSWERSMinerals needed in higher amounts
Minor/Trace Minerals - ANSWERSMinerals needed in very small quantities
, Nutrients - ANSWERSSubstances in food that are necessary for survival and health
Saturated Fatty Acid - ANSWERSSolid at room temperature, found in both animal and
plant sources; diets high in saturated fatty acids have been shown to lead to heart
disease
Unsaturated Fatty Acid - ANSWERSFats found in plants and are liquid at room
temperature; they do not lead to higher cholesterol levels and do not increase the risk of
heart disease
Calories per gram of Fat - ANSWERS9
Calories per gram of Protein - ANSWERS4
Calories per gram of Carbohydrate - ANSWERS4
Water and its Function - ANSWERSMakes up 60-70% of total body weight and is
important for numerous functions including temperature regulation, digestion, nutrient
absorption, blood formation, and waste elimination
Essential Amino Acid - ANSWERS9 amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the
body and must be consumed in the diet
Nonessential Amino Acid - ANSWERS11 amino acids that the body can make and are
not necessary in the diet
Protein and its Function - ANSWERSform a major part of lean tissue, totaling 17-20% of
body weight, they serve as a structural unit to build and repair body tissues
Complete Protein - ANSWERSProteins containing all the essential amino acids
Incomplete Protein - ANSWERSProteins that are missing one or more of the essential
amino acids
Carbohydrate - ANSWERSMacronutrient that is a key energy source
Starch - ANSWERSLong chains of glucose units; found in foods such as corn, grains,
and potatoes
Micronutrient - ANSWERSVitamins and minerals; involved in many body processes,
including regulating cell function
Macronutrient - ANSWERSCarbohydrates, fats, protein, and water; necessary for
building and maintaining body tissues and providing energy
Lipid - ANSWERSCompounds that do not readily dissolve in water
