HPEX 310 EXAM 3 VCU QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels - ANSWERScardiovascular disease
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, HTN, dyslipidemia, stroke -
ANSWERScardiovascular disease umbrella terms
leading cause of death (and in the US) - ANSWERScardiovascular disease
17+ million deaths per year due to __________ (expected to rise to 23+million by 2030)
- ANSWERScardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly __________ out of every 3 deaths in the
USA - ANSWERS1
__________ Americans have some form of cardiovascular disease - ANSWERS~86
million
approximately __________ people die annually from cardiovascular disorders -
ANSWERS787,000
estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other related costs exceeded
_________ in 2015 due to cardiovascular disease - ANSWERS$480 billion
often associated with heart attacks - ANSWERScoronary heart (artery) disease
group of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or hardening of arteries -
ANSWERSarteriosclerosis
special type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial blockage from a build up of fatty
deposits (plaque) - ANSWERSatherosclerosis
rupture or progression of __________ (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death - ANSWERSatherosclerosis
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases __________ and results in
tissue death - ANSWERSblood flow
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a heart attack, __________, or pulmonary embolism -
ANSWERSstroke
,rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a __________, stroke, or pulmonary embolism -
ANSWERSheart attack
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a heart attack, stroke, or __________ -
ANSWERSpulmonary embolism
shortness of breath - ANSWERSorthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWERSsudden awakening from sleeping with
shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: pain discomfort (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest,
neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result for __________ - ANSWERSischemia
(reduced blood flow)
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck,
jaw, arms, or other areas that may result for ischemia (reduced blood flow) -
ANSWERSpain discomfort
recognizing a heart attack: __________ at rest or with mild exertion -
ANSWERSshortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: dizziness or __________ (temporary loss of consciousness)
- ANSWERSsyncope
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or syncope (temporary loss of consciousness) -
ANSWERSdizziness
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of
breath, ability not to inhale or exhale) - ANSWERSorthopnea
recognizing a heart attack: orthopnea or ___________ (shortness of breath, ability not
to inhale or exhale) - ANSWERSparoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
recognizing a heart attack: ankle __________ (swelling) - ANSWERSedema
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (feel heart beating) or tachycardia (above 100
HR) - ANSWERSpalpitations
recognizing a heart attack: palpitations (feel heart beating) or __________ (above 100
HR) - ANSWERStachycardia
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (not enough blood is going to the muscle
group) - ANSWERSintermittent claudication
, recognizing a heart attack: known heart ___________ (not a normal heart beat)
(arrhythmia) - ANSWERSmurmur
recognizing a heart attack: unusual ___________ or shortness of breath with usual
activities (dyspnea) - ANSWERSfatigue
modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors - ANSWERScigarette smoking,
physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes
non-modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors - ANSWERSage, family
high blood pressure - ANSWERShypertension
hypertension causes stress on our... - ANSWERSarteries, heart
46% of US Adults have __________ - ANSWERShypertension
Normal: systolic BP __________ and diastolic BP < 80 - ANSWERS< 120
Normal: systolic BP < 120 and diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 80
Hypertension: systolic BP > 130 and diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 80
Hypertension: systolic BP __________ and diastolic BP > 80 - ANSWERS> 130
Normal: systolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 120
Normal: diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 80
Hypertension: systolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 130
Hypertension: diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 80
the silent killer - ANSWERShypertension
causes of hypertension: __________, sodium, obesity, stress - ANSWERSgenetics
causes of hypertension: genetics, __________, obesity, stress - ANSWERSsodium
causes of hypertension: genetics, sodium, __________, stress - ANSWERSobesity
causes of hypertension: genetics, sodium, obesity, __________ - ANSWERSstress
dietary approach to stop hypertension - ANSWERSdash diet
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels - ANSWERScardiovascular disease
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, HTN, dyslipidemia, stroke -
ANSWERScardiovascular disease umbrella terms
leading cause of death (and in the US) - ANSWERScardiovascular disease
17+ million deaths per year due to __________ (expected to rise to 23+million by 2030)
- ANSWERScardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly __________ out of every 3 deaths in the
USA - ANSWERS1
__________ Americans have some form of cardiovascular disease - ANSWERS~86
million
approximately __________ people die annually from cardiovascular disorders -
ANSWERS787,000
estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other related costs exceeded
_________ in 2015 due to cardiovascular disease - ANSWERS$480 billion
often associated with heart attacks - ANSWERScoronary heart (artery) disease
group of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or hardening of arteries -
ANSWERSarteriosclerosis
special type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial blockage from a build up of fatty
deposits (plaque) - ANSWERSatherosclerosis
rupture or progression of __________ (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death - ANSWERSatherosclerosis
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases __________ and results in
tissue death - ANSWERSblood flow
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a heart attack, __________, or pulmonary embolism -
ANSWERSstroke
,rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a __________, stroke, or pulmonary embolism -
ANSWERSheart attack
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque) decreases blood flow and results in
tissue death! it can also lead to a heart attack, stroke, or __________ -
ANSWERSpulmonary embolism
shortness of breath - ANSWERSorthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWERSsudden awakening from sleeping with
shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: pain discomfort (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest,
neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result for __________ - ANSWERSischemia
(reduced blood flow)
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck,
jaw, arms, or other areas that may result for ischemia (reduced blood flow) -
ANSWERSpain discomfort
recognizing a heart attack: __________ at rest or with mild exertion -
ANSWERSshortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: dizziness or __________ (temporary loss of consciousness)
- ANSWERSsyncope
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or syncope (temporary loss of consciousness) -
ANSWERSdizziness
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of
breath, ability not to inhale or exhale) - ANSWERSorthopnea
recognizing a heart attack: orthopnea or ___________ (shortness of breath, ability not
to inhale or exhale) - ANSWERSparoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
recognizing a heart attack: ankle __________ (swelling) - ANSWERSedema
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (feel heart beating) or tachycardia (above 100
HR) - ANSWERSpalpitations
recognizing a heart attack: palpitations (feel heart beating) or __________ (above 100
HR) - ANSWERStachycardia
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (not enough blood is going to the muscle
group) - ANSWERSintermittent claudication
, recognizing a heart attack: known heart ___________ (not a normal heart beat)
(arrhythmia) - ANSWERSmurmur
recognizing a heart attack: unusual ___________ or shortness of breath with usual
activities (dyspnea) - ANSWERSfatigue
modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors - ANSWERScigarette smoking,
physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes
non-modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors - ANSWERSage, family
high blood pressure - ANSWERShypertension
hypertension causes stress on our... - ANSWERSarteries, heart
46% of US Adults have __________ - ANSWERShypertension
Normal: systolic BP __________ and diastolic BP < 80 - ANSWERS< 120
Normal: systolic BP < 120 and diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 80
Hypertension: systolic BP > 130 and diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 80
Hypertension: systolic BP __________ and diastolic BP > 80 - ANSWERS> 130
Normal: systolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 120
Normal: diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS< 80
Hypertension: systolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 130
Hypertension: diastolic BP __________ - ANSWERS> 80
the silent killer - ANSWERShypertension
causes of hypertension: __________, sodium, obesity, stress - ANSWERSgenetics
causes of hypertension: genetics, __________, obesity, stress - ANSWERSsodium
causes of hypertension: genetics, sodium, __________, stress - ANSWERSobesity
causes of hypertension: genetics, sodium, obesity, __________ - ANSWERSstress
dietary approach to stop hypertension - ANSWERSdash diet
