NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
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1. Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B:the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C:the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D:they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood.: • A:both oxygen
and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions,
their signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both
oxygen and glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by
a lack of oxygen to a part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In either
case, the patient presents with signs of impaired brain function (ie, slurred speech,
weakness, altered mental status). Both conditions may lead to permanent brain
damage or death if not treated promptly.
2. When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST
concerned with:
• A:gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B:safely transporting to the hospital.
• C:whether the patient could harm you.
• D:obtaining a complete medical history.: You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your
primary concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital is
your ultimate goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history and
should take any of the patient's prescribed medications to the hospital. However,
this should not supercede your own safety or interfere with safely transporting the
patient.
3. You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake.
Your initial attempt to rescue him should include:
• A:rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B:reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C:throwing a rope to the victim.
• D:swimming to the victim to rescue him.: You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water
include "reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the
victim by having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is unsuccessful,
, NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
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throw the victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are not available, row
to the patient in a small raft (if available). Going into the water to retrieve the victim
is a last resort. The rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients who are in
danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic and will make every attempt to keep
themselves afloat, even if it means forcing the rescuer underwater.
4. How should you classify a patient's nature of illness if he or she has a low
blood glucose level, bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing?
• A:Behavioral emergency
• B:Altered mental status
• C:Respiratory emergency
• D:Cardiac compromise: The correct answer is B;
Reason: The nature of illness (NOI) is the medical equivalent to mechanism of
injury (MOI). Altered mental status should be the suspected NOI in any patient with
any fluctuation in level of consciousness, which can range from bizarre behavior to
complete unresponsiveness. Causes of an altered mental status include hypo- or
hyperglycemia, head trauma, stroke, behavioral crises, drug overdose, and shock,
among others.
5. A young female is unresponsive after overdosing on an unknown type of
drug. Her respirations are slow and shallow and her pulse is slow and weak.
Which of the following drugs is the LEAST likely cause of her condition?
• A:Seconal
• B:Heroin
• C:Cocaine
• D:Valium: The correct answer is C;
Reason: Of the drugs listed, cocaine would be the least likely cause of the patient's
condition. Cocaine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant; you would expect
her to be hypertensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and perhaps even violent. Heroin,
Valium, and Seconal are all CNS depressants and could explain her condition.
Heroin is an illegal narcotic (opiate), Valium is a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
drug, and Seconal is a barbiturate. Narcotics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates
are all CNS depressants. When taken in excess, they cause a decreased level of
consciousness, respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension.
6. Activated charcoal is contraindicated for a patient who is:
• A:conscious and alert and has ingested a large amount of Motrin.
• B:emotionally upset and has ingested two bottles of aspirin.
• C:agitated and claims to have ingested a bottle of Tylenol.
• D:awake and alert and has swallowed a commercial drain cleaner.: You
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selected D; This is correct!
Reason:Activated charcoal adsorbs (sticks to) many ingested substances, prevent-
ing them from being absorbed into the body by the stomach or intestines. In some
cases, you may give activated charcoal to patients who have ingested certain
substances, if approved by medical control or local protocol. Activated charcoal is
contraindicated for patients who have ingested an acid or alkali (ie, drain cleaner)
or a petroleum product (ie, gasoline), who have a decreased level of consciousness
and cannot protect their own airway, or who are unable to swallow.
7. The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection
is to:
• A:move away from a cold object.
• B:increase metabolism by shivering.
• C:wear a thick wind-proof jacket.
• D:move to a warmer environment.: you selected D; This is correct!
Reason:In a cold environment, the body has two ways of staying warm: generating
heat (thermogenesis) and reducing heat loss. Radiation is the transfer of heat by
radiant energy. The body can lose heat by radiation, such as when a person stands
in a cold room. Convection occurs when heat is transferred to circulating air, as
when cool air moves across the body's surface. A person standing in windy cold
weather, wearing lightweight clothing, is losing heat to the environment mostly
by convection. The quickest and most obvious way to decrease heat loss from
radiation and convection is to move out of the cold environment and seek shelter
from wind. Shivering increases the body's metabolism and is a mechanism for
generating heat, not reducing heat loss. Layers of clothing trap air and provide
excellent insulation; thus, layered clothing decreases heat loss better than a single,
thick jacket. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat from a part of the body to a
colder object by direct contact, as when a warm hand touches cold metal or ice. The
most obvious way to decrease heat loss by conduction is to remove your hand from
the cold object.
8. A near-drowning is MOST accurately defined as:
• A:complications within 24 hours following submersion in water.
• B:immediate death due to prolonged submersion in water.
• C:survival for at least 24 hours following submersion in water.
• D:death greater than 24 hours following submersion in water.: You selected
C; This is correct!
Reason:Collectively, drowning and near-drowning are referred to as submersion
, NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
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injuries. Drowning is defined as death after submersion in a liquid medium, usually
water. In a drowning, death is either immediate or occurs within 24 hours following
submersion. Near-drowning is defined as survival, at least temporarily (24 hours), af-
ter submersion. It should be noted, however, that complications such as pneumonia
and pulmonary edema can cause death greater than 24 hours following submersion.
For this reason, all patients with a submersion injury should be transported to the
hospital, even if they appear fine at the scene.
9. A young woman reports significant weight loss over the last month, per-
sistent fever, and night sweats. When you assess her, you note the presence
of dark purple lesions covering her trunk and upper extremities. You should
suspect:
• A:end-stage cancer.
• B:HIV/AIDS.
• C:tuberculosis.
• D:rheumatic fever.: You selected B; This is correct!
Reason:Weight loss, fever, and night sweats could indicate tuberculosis or
HIV/AIDS; however, the dark purple lesions on the skin, which are called Kaposi's
sarcoma, are malignant skin tumors and are a classic finding in patients in the later
stages of AIDS.
10. A 48-year-old male became acutely hypoxic, experienced a seizure, and is
now postictal. The MOST effective way to prevent another seizure is to:
• A:dim the lights in the back of the ambulance.
• B:place him in the recovery position.
• C:administer high-flow supplemental oxygen.
• D:give him oral glucose if he can swallow.: You selected C; This is correct!
Reason:You should administer high-flow oxygen to all patients who are actively
seizing and to patients who experienced a seizure and are postictal. This is es-
pecially true if the seizure was caused by hypoxia. Increasing the oxygen content
of the blood, which minimizes hypoxia, may prevent another seizure. The recovery
position is appropriate for uninjured patients with a decreased level of consciousness
and adequate breathing; it will help maintain the airway and facilitate drainage of
secretions from the mouth, but will not prevent another seizure. Oral glucose may
prevent another seizure if hypoglycemia was the cause of the seizure. You should
dim the lights in the back of the ambulance to help prevent any seizure, not just
those that are caused by hypoxia.
11. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to be present
in a patient who was submerged in water?
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1. Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B:the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C:the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D:they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood.: • A:both oxygen
and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions,
their signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both
oxygen and glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by
a lack of oxygen to a part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In either
case, the patient presents with signs of impaired brain function (ie, slurred speech,
weakness, altered mental status). Both conditions may lead to permanent brain
damage or death if not treated promptly.
2. When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST
concerned with:
• A:gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B:safely transporting to the hospital.
• C:whether the patient could harm you.
• D:obtaining a complete medical history.: You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your
primary concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital is
your ultimate goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history and
should take any of the patient's prescribed medications to the hospital. However,
this should not supercede your own safety or interfere with safely transporting the
patient.
3. You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake.
Your initial attempt to rescue him should include:
• A:rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B:reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C:throwing a rope to the victim.
• D:swimming to the victim to rescue him.: You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water
include "reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the
victim by having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is unsuccessful,
, NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gjmb2m
throw the victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are not available, row
to the patient in a small raft (if available). Going into the water to retrieve the victim
is a last resort. The rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients who are in
danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic and will make every attempt to keep
themselves afloat, even if it means forcing the rescuer underwater.
4. How should you classify a patient's nature of illness if he or she has a low
blood glucose level, bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing?
• A:Behavioral emergency
• B:Altered mental status
• C:Respiratory emergency
• D:Cardiac compromise: The correct answer is B;
Reason: The nature of illness (NOI) is the medical equivalent to mechanism of
injury (MOI). Altered mental status should be the suspected NOI in any patient with
any fluctuation in level of consciousness, which can range from bizarre behavior to
complete unresponsiveness. Causes of an altered mental status include hypo- or
hyperglycemia, head trauma, stroke, behavioral crises, drug overdose, and shock,
among others.
5. A young female is unresponsive after overdosing on an unknown type of
drug. Her respirations are slow and shallow and her pulse is slow and weak.
Which of the following drugs is the LEAST likely cause of her condition?
• A:Seconal
• B:Heroin
• C:Cocaine
• D:Valium: The correct answer is C;
Reason: Of the drugs listed, cocaine would be the least likely cause of the patient's
condition. Cocaine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant; you would expect
her to be hypertensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and perhaps even violent. Heroin,
Valium, and Seconal are all CNS depressants and could explain her condition.
Heroin is an illegal narcotic (opiate), Valium is a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
drug, and Seconal is a barbiturate. Narcotics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates
are all CNS depressants. When taken in excess, they cause a decreased level of
consciousness, respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension.
6. Activated charcoal is contraindicated for a patient who is:
• A:conscious and alert and has ingested a large amount of Motrin.
• B:emotionally upset and has ingested two bottles of aspirin.
• C:agitated and claims to have ingested a bottle of Tylenol.
• D:awake and alert and has swallowed a commercial drain cleaner.: You
, NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gjmb2m
selected D; This is correct!
Reason:Activated charcoal adsorbs (sticks to) many ingested substances, prevent-
ing them from being absorbed into the body by the stomach or intestines. In some
cases, you may give activated charcoal to patients who have ingested certain
substances, if approved by medical control or local protocol. Activated charcoal is
contraindicated for patients who have ingested an acid or alkali (ie, drain cleaner)
or a petroleum product (ie, gasoline), who have a decreased level of consciousness
and cannot protect their own airway, or who are unable to swallow.
7. The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection
is to:
• A:move away from a cold object.
• B:increase metabolism by shivering.
• C:wear a thick wind-proof jacket.
• D:move to a warmer environment.: you selected D; This is correct!
Reason:In a cold environment, the body has two ways of staying warm: generating
heat (thermogenesis) and reducing heat loss. Radiation is the transfer of heat by
radiant energy. The body can lose heat by radiation, such as when a person stands
in a cold room. Convection occurs when heat is transferred to circulating air, as
when cool air moves across the body's surface. A person standing in windy cold
weather, wearing lightweight clothing, is losing heat to the environment mostly
by convection. The quickest and most obvious way to decrease heat loss from
radiation and convection is to move out of the cold environment and seek shelter
from wind. Shivering increases the body's metabolism and is a mechanism for
generating heat, not reducing heat loss. Layers of clothing trap air and provide
excellent insulation; thus, layered clothing decreases heat loss better than a single,
thick jacket. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat from a part of the body to a
colder object by direct contact, as when a warm hand touches cold metal or ice. The
most obvious way to decrease heat loss by conduction is to remove your hand from
the cold object.
8. A near-drowning is MOST accurately defined as:
• A:complications within 24 hours following submersion in water.
• B:immediate death due to prolonged submersion in water.
• C:survival for at least 24 hours following submersion in water.
• D:death greater than 24 hours following submersion in water.: You selected
C; This is correct!
Reason:Collectively, drowning and near-drowning are referred to as submersion
, NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gjmb2m
injuries. Drowning is defined as death after submersion in a liquid medium, usually
water. In a drowning, death is either immediate or occurs within 24 hours following
submersion. Near-drowning is defined as survival, at least temporarily (24 hours), af-
ter submersion. It should be noted, however, that complications such as pneumonia
and pulmonary edema can cause death greater than 24 hours following submersion.
For this reason, all patients with a submersion injury should be transported to the
hospital, even if they appear fine at the scene.
9. A young woman reports significant weight loss over the last month, per-
sistent fever, and night sweats. When you assess her, you note the presence
of dark purple lesions covering her trunk and upper extremities. You should
suspect:
• A:end-stage cancer.
• B:HIV/AIDS.
• C:tuberculosis.
• D:rheumatic fever.: You selected B; This is correct!
Reason:Weight loss, fever, and night sweats could indicate tuberculosis or
HIV/AIDS; however, the dark purple lesions on the skin, which are called Kaposi's
sarcoma, are malignant skin tumors and are a classic finding in patients in the later
stages of AIDS.
10. A 48-year-old male became acutely hypoxic, experienced a seizure, and is
now postictal. The MOST effective way to prevent another seizure is to:
• A:dim the lights in the back of the ambulance.
• B:place him in the recovery position.
• C:administer high-flow supplemental oxygen.
• D:give him oral glucose if he can swallow.: You selected C; This is correct!
Reason:You should administer high-flow oxygen to all patients who are actively
seizing and to patients who experienced a seizure and are postictal. This is es-
pecially true if the seizure was caused by hypoxia. Increasing the oxygen content
of the blood, which minimizes hypoxia, may prevent another seizure. The recovery
position is appropriate for uninjured patients with a decreased level of consciousness
and adequate breathing; it will help maintain the airway and facilitate drainage of
secretions from the mouth, but will not prevent another seizure. Oral glucose may
prevent another seizure if hypoglycemia was the cause of the seizure. You should
dim the lights in the back of the ambulance to help prevent any seizure, not just
those that are caused by hypoxia.
11. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to be present
in a patient who was submerged in water?
