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mechanism of action of dug prostaglandin in peptic ulcer disease and how it works - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mechanism of Action of Prostaglandin Receptor: Prostaglandin receptor is releasing
gastric mucus and controlling excessive acidic environment in stomach. PG inhibits the acid
secretion by opposing the cAMP generation. PG suppressed the cAMP in parietal cells and it
have protective factor to prevent ulcer formation.
who should avoid in antacids and what to look for - CORRECT ANSWER-For example, people
with heart failure may have sodium restrictions to help decrease fluid buildup. However,
antacids often contain a lot of sodium. These people should ask their doctor before using
antacids.
People with kidney failure may develop a buildup of aluminum after using antacids. This can
lead to aluminum toxicity. People with kidney failure also tend to have problems with
electrolyte balance. All antacids contain electrolytes, which could make electrolyte balance
problems worse.
Too much calcium can cause:
nausea
vomiting
mental status changes
,kidney stones
Excess calcium can also lead to alkalosis. In this condition, your body doesn't make enough acid
to function properly.
heart burn complaints for treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-1. A burning pain in the chest that
usually occurs after eating and may occur at night 2. Pain that worsens when lying down or
bending over 3. Bitter or acidic taste in the mouth
Treatment:
1. Antacids,which help neutralize stomach acid. Antacids may provide quick relief. But they can't
heal an esophagus damaged by stomach acid. 2. H-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), which can
reduce stomach acid. H2RAsdon't act as quickly as antacids, but may provide longer relief. 3.
Proton pump inhibitors,such as lansoprazole (Prevacid 24HR) and omeprazole (Nexium 24HR,
Prilosec OTC),
long term PPI monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER-Some of these concerns include
hypergastrinemia, development of pneumonia, dementia, and drug interactions.2-4 Since 2010,
the FDA has issued various safety warnings regarding the potential effects of long-term use of
PPIs: risk of fractures, hypomagnesemia, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, vitamin B12
deficiency, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus
events.
which drug for GERD at night or heart burn laying down - CORRECT ANSWER-PPI and antacids
lactulose monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER-However, like most laxatives, it has a propensity to
bring about large changes in the body's fluid and electrolyte status. This activity would require
periodic electrolyte monitoring, especially in the elderly and critically ill population.
athletes foot first line therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Treatment. Athlete's foot resolves without
medication (resolves by itself) in 30-40% of cases. Topical antifungal medication consistently
produce much higher rates of cure. Conventional treatment typically involves thoroughly
washing the feet daily or twice daily, followed by the application of a topical medication.
, topical application absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-chemicals must pass through the seven cell
layers of epidermis before entering the dermis where they can enter the blood stream or lymph
and circulate to other areas of the body. Toxins and toxicants can move through the layers by
passive diffusion. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and the rate-
limiting barrier in absorption of an agent.[4] Thus, how quickly something passes through this
thicker outer layer determines the overall absorption. The stratum corneum is primarily
composed of lipophilic cholesterol, cholesterol esters and ceramides. Thus lipid-soluble
chemicals make it through the layer and into the circulation faster, however nearly all molecules
penetrate it to some minimal degree
Ointment, lotion, and cream - CORRECT ANSWER-Ointments, creams and lotions are different
ways to formulate over-the-counter products or medicines. An ointment is 80 percent oil and 20
percent water. A cream is 50 percent oil and 50 percent water. A lotion is similar to a cream but
it's an even lighter or less thick formulation. Any of these can be used with different over-the-
counter products or drugs, depending on whether your skin is dry or oily.
- CORRECT ANSWER-Ciprofloxacin Otic Solution is a quinolone antimicrobial indicated for the
treatment of acute otitis externa due to susceptible isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or
Staphylococcus aureus.
The contents of one single use container (deliverable volume: 0.25 mL) should be instilled into
the affected ear twice daily (approximately 12 hours apart) for 7 days.
Lipid-soluble fats have a high affinity for adipose tissue.
What type of blood flow does adipose tissue have - CORRECT ANSWER-Low blood flow
Can drugs have affinity for bone - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes
What drugs have an affinity for bone - CORRECT ANSWER-Tetracyclines
Factors that influence metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-Age