NC Property and Casualty Insurance
Prep Companion 2026/2027
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Standard Fire Policy (SFP) -ANSWER✅✅✅The SFP is the core and the basis upon
which all modern personal and commercial line policies are based.
SFP can be used to insure either commercial business risk or personal residence.
SFP Perils -ANSWER✅✅✅F L R
Fire Lightening Removal
Removal- Standard Fire Policy -ANSWER✅✅✅is the process of removing property to
protect it from the perils of fire and lightening at the insured premises or when fire or
lightening at neighboring premises endanger property located at the insured premises.
SFP automatically provides removal coverages for 5 days.
SFP Losses Covered -ANSWER✅✅✅Damage by the peril
Damage as a direct result of the peril
Water damage from putting out a fire
Water damage from rain, hole burnes in roof.
SFP Exclusions -ANSWER✅✅✅A- T-O-N-E-R
Acts of War
Orders of Civil Authority
Theft
Neglect
Explosion or Riot
SFP Conditional Exclusions -ANSWER✅✅✅Increase in hazard. ex. making fireworks
in a home
Vacancy or Unoccupancy for more than 60 days.
SFP Inception & Expiration -ANSWER✅✅✅starts 12:01 am
,expires 12:01 am
4 limits on SFP policy -ANSWER✅✅✅Recovery may not exceed the lowest amount of:
Policy limit
ACV
Cost to repair or replace
Interest of the insured
Pro Rata Liability condition -ANSWER✅✅✅when more than one policy covers the
same loss.
(Policy A limits of liab/ A+B) x Loss
(Policy B limits of liab/ A+B) x Loss
Equals the amount both policies will contribute.
Insurer's Option in Loss Settlement -ANSWER✅✅✅Take posession of all property and
pay the insured the appraised value
or
Repair, Rebuild or Replace damaged properties.
Either option, insured must be notified within 30 days.
Requirements for the insured in the event of a Loss -ANSWER✅✅✅Immediate written
notice
Protect property from further damage
Separate damage and undamaged property
Furnish inventory of damaged and undamaged
Submit signed proof of loss within 60 days
Produce books and records, exhibit remains of damaged property, Submit to
examination under oath.
Appraisal -ANSWER✅✅✅If insurer and insured don't agree on value. Both parties
hires an appraiser within 20 days. The two appraisers then chose an umpire. Who
reviews both appraisals and makes the ultimate decision.
Suits against the Company -ANSWER✅✅✅North Carolina allows 3 years for a suit to
be presented. All conditions must be met first.
Insurance -ANSWER✅✅✅-A plan of spreading risk of possible loss over a large
number of people.
-Based on a mathematical principle called the law of large numbers.
-It protects against the uncertainty of risk of when a financial loss might occur.
, Speculative Risk -ANSWER✅✅✅Chance of loss or gain. Buying stock or gambling is
example (cannot Insure)
Pure Risk -ANSWER✅✅✅Chance of loss only. Not all are insurance
insurable risk -ANSWER✅✅✅A risk that an insurance company is willing to accept.
-low probability of loss occurring
-less than catastrophic results
-Loss must be measurable
-Loss must be significant
-Loss must be accidental and unintended
Probability -ANSWER✅✅✅Measures the chance of an event occurring. Measure of
uncertainty.
Law of Large Numbers -ANSWER✅✅✅A mathematical principle that makes it possible
to predict future losses based upon prior experience . The law states that as a large
number of events are included, the difference between actual and expected results
becomes smaller. Insurance relies upon the past results of a large population of similar
people to predict future loss experience.
Spread of risk/geographical dispersion -ANSWER✅✅✅Decreases probability of loss.
Spreading the companies exposures over a broad geographical area in order to avoid
large losses in the event of a catastrophic event (hurricane)
adverse selection -ANSWER✅✅✅Occurs when insureds with a high risk of loss
attempt to purchase insurance and are successful in obtaining insurance
Retention -ANSWER✅✅✅When liability for a loss is maintained by the individual by
not purchasing insurance. Another Example is a deductible, retaining a portion of a
covered loss
Transfer -ANSWER✅✅✅Shift responsibility for a loss to an insurance company
through the purchase of insurance
Control/Reduction -ANSWER✅✅✅Attempt to prevent a loss or to reduce the amount
of the loss. **Example** (installation of a sprinkler system)
Perils -ANSWER✅✅✅Cause of loss
Such as fire, theft, wind, hail, etc.
Hazards -ANSWER✅✅✅Increase the probability of a peril occurring.
**example**. Bald tires on a car increase a wreck happening