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NURS 653 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS NEWEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100
%
A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client
education?
Pancreatic cancer is distinguished based on the layers of the pancreas.
Pancreatic cancers are classified as either endocrine pancreatic cancer or
exocrine pancreatic cancer.
The pancreas's location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby
structures and blood vessels.
Pancreatic cancer typically develops from a polyp.
The pancreas's location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby
structures and blood vessels.
(The nurse should include this information because of the pancreatic cancer's ability
to spread easily to nearby structures. This will directly impact the client's treatment
and prognosis.)
A client is being treated with chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinomas.
Which of the following methods should the nurse anticipate for this
chemotherapy?
Injection using an implanted port
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Oral chemotherapy
A topical application
A subcutaneous application
A topical application
(The most common method for administering chemotherapy for squamous cell
carcinomas is topical application.)
Which of the following abnormal lab values can be a sign of malignancy?
a. calcium 14 mg/dl
b. magnesium 0.8 mEg/L
c. glucose 319 mg/dl
d. potassium 5.9 mmol/L
calcium 14 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia (elevated calcium level) can be a sign of malignancy. It can be
caused by cancer-related increases in specific proteins and vitamin D. It can also
occur when cancer invades bones and leaches calcium into the bloodstream. Low
magnesium, elevated glucose, and elevated potassium are not common signs of
malignancy.
A 28-year-old client receives an intramuscular injection of hepatitis B immune
globulin after a needlestick injury. Which physiological outcome best explains
the type of immunity this client receives?
Delayed protection requiring B-cell activation
Immediate protection without immune memory formation
Long-term protection through plasma cell differentiation
Immediate protection with formation of immune memory
Immediate protection without immune memory formation
(Immune globulin administration provides artificial passive immunity, in which
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pre-formed antibodies are transferred to the recipient. This results in immediate but
temporary protection and does not involve activation of the recipient's B cells or
formation of memory cells. Delayed and long-term protection occur only with active
immunity.)
Which patient scenario best demonstrates natural killer (NK) cell activity rather
than adaptive immune function?
Early destruction of cancerous cells before antibody formation
A client with delayed clearance of viral infection
A vaccinated individual rapidly producing IgG antibodies
Memory-based immune response upon re-exposure
Early destruction of cancerous cells before antibody formation
(NK cells provide early, non-specific cytotoxic defense against abnormal and
cancerous cells without prior sensitization or immune memory, distinguishing them
from adaptive immune cells.)
A client with chronic rheumatoid arthritis has persistent joint inflammation for
several years. Which immune cell type is most likelydominant in the affected
tissues?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Macrophages
Mast Cells
Macrophages
A 42-year-old client presents with fever, malaise, and diffuse body aches.
Laboratory findings show an elevated CRP and ESR. No localized redness or
swelling is observed. Which physiological process best explains these
findings?
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Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of infected cells
Antibody-mediated neutralization of pathogens
Systemic activation of the inflammatory response
Local activation of neutrophils at the site of injury
Systemic activation of the inflammatory response
(Elevated CRP and ESR reflect systemic inflammation, driven by cytokine signaling
(especially IL-6). The absence of localized signs suggests a body-wide inflammatory
response, not local tissue injury or adaptive immune mechanisms.)
Which statement best summarizes how effective immune protection is
achieved?
Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunity
work together
Cell-mediated immunity replaces innate immunity
Antibody-mediated immunity functions independently of T cells
Innate immunity alone is sufficient if inflammation is robust
Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunity work
together
(Effective immune defense requires integration of all three systems: innate immunity
initiates the response, AMI targets extracellular pathogens, and CMI eliminates
infected or abnormal cells.)
A nurse is educating a group of clients at a community health clinic about HIV
testing. Which of the following populations should the nurse explain is at an
increased risk for HIV infection?
Children who have low socioeconomic status
NURS 653 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS NEWEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100
%
A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client
education?
Pancreatic cancer is distinguished based on the layers of the pancreas.
Pancreatic cancers are classified as either endocrine pancreatic cancer or
exocrine pancreatic cancer.
The pancreas's location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby
structures and blood vessels.
Pancreatic cancer typically develops from a polyp.
The pancreas's location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby
structures and blood vessels.
(The nurse should include this information because of the pancreatic cancer's ability
to spread easily to nearby structures. This will directly impact the client's treatment
and prognosis.)
A client is being treated with chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinomas.
Which of the following methods should the nurse anticipate for this
chemotherapy?
Injection using an implanted port
, Page 2 of 31
Oral chemotherapy
A topical application
A subcutaneous application
A topical application
(The most common method for administering chemotherapy for squamous cell
carcinomas is topical application.)
Which of the following abnormal lab values can be a sign of malignancy?
a. calcium 14 mg/dl
b. magnesium 0.8 mEg/L
c. glucose 319 mg/dl
d. potassium 5.9 mmol/L
calcium 14 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia (elevated calcium level) can be a sign of malignancy. It can be
caused by cancer-related increases in specific proteins and vitamin D. It can also
occur when cancer invades bones and leaches calcium into the bloodstream. Low
magnesium, elevated glucose, and elevated potassium are not common signs of
malignancy.
A 28-year-old client receives an intramuscular injection of hepatitis B immune
globulin after a needlestick injury. Which physiological outcome best explains
the type of immunity this client receives?
Delayed protection requiring B-cell activation
Immediate protection without immune memory formation
Long-term protection through plasma cell differentiation
Immediate protection with formation of immune memory
Immediate protection without immune memory formation
(Immune globulin administration provides artificial passive immunity, in which
, Page 3 of 31
pre-formed antibodies are transferred to the recipient. This results in immediate but
temporary protection and does not involve activation of the recipient's B cells or
formation of memory cells. Delayed and long-term protection occur only with active
immunity.)
Which patient scenario best demonstrates natural killer (NK) cell activity rather
than adaptive immune function?
Early destruction of cancerous cells before antibody formation
A client with delayed clearance of viral infection
A vaccinated individual rapidly producing IgG antibodies
Memory-based immune response upon re-exposure
Early destruction of cancerous cells before antibody formation
(NK cells provide early, non-specific cytotoxic defense against abnormal and
cancerous cells without prior sensitization or immune memory, distinguishing them
from adaptive immune cells.)
A client with chronic rheumatoid arthritis has persistent joint inflammation for
several years. Which immune cell type is most likelydominant in the affected
tissues?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Macrophages
Mast Cells
Macrophages
A 42-year-old client presents with fever, malaise, and diffuse body aches.
Laboratory findings show an elevated CRP and ESR. No localized redness or
swelling is observed. Which physiological process best explains these
findings?
, Page 4 of 31
Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of infected cells
Antibody-mediated neutralization of pathogens
Systemic activation of the inflammatory response
Local activation of neutrophils at the site of injury
Systemic activation of the inflammatory response
(Elevated CRP and ESR reflect systemic inflammation, driven by cytokine signaling
(especially IL-6). The absence of localized signs suggests a body-wide inflammatory
response, not local tissue injury or adaptive immune mechanisms.)
Which statement best summarizes how effective immune protection is
achieved?
Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunity
work together
Cell-mediated immunity replaces innate immunity
Antibody-mediated immunity functions independently of T cells
Innate immunity alone is sufficient if inflammation is robust
Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunity work
together
(Effective immune defense requires integration of all three systems: innate immunity
initiates the response, AMI targets extracellular pathogens, and CMI eliminates
infected or abnormal cells.)
A nurse is educating a group of clients at a community health clinic about HIV
testing. Which of the following populations should the nurse explain is at an
increased risk for HIV infection?
Children who have low socioeconomic status
