WOUND CARE FINAL EXAMINATION: 100 QUESTIONS
ON HEALING PHASES, WOUND TYPES, DRESSINGS,
AND INFECTION CONTROL COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
1. Which phase of wound healing begins immediately after injury and
lasts about 3–5 days?
A. Maturation phase
B. Proliferative phase
C. Hemostasis/Inflammatory phase
D. Remodeling phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemostasis (initial vasoconstriction and clot formation)
occurs within seconds, followed by inflammation (vasodilation,
phagocytosis), lasting ~3–5 days.
2. Which cell type is predominantly responsible for phagocytosis
during the inflammatory phase?
A. Fibroblasts
B. Neutrophils
C. Keratinocytes
D. Myofibroblasts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutrophils arrive first to engulf bacteria and debris.
Macrophages follow later.
,3. What is the primary role of macrophages in wound healing?
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Wound contraction
C. Phagocytosis and growth factor release
D. Epithelial migration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macrophages clear debris and secrete PDGF, TGF-β, and
VEGF to drive proliferation.
4. Which phase overlaps with the late inflammatory phase and is
marked by angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation?
A. Hemostasis
B. Maturation
C. Proliferative
D. Inflammatory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proliferative phase (days 3–21) includes angiogenesis,
collagen deposition, granulation, and epithelialization.
5. What is the ideal moisture level for a healing wound?
A. Completely dry
B. Completely wet with standing fluid
C. Moist but not macerated
D. Covered with thick eschar
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Moist wound healing promotes cell migration and autolytic
debridement; excess moisture causes maceration.
6. Which systemic factor most negatively affects wound healing?
A. Young age
,B. Adequate vitamin C intake
C. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uncontrolled diabetes impairs perfusion, immunity, and
cellular function.
7. A wound with yellow slough, erythema, and purulent drainage is
most likely in which stage of healing impairment?
A. Healthy granulation
B. Infection
C. Epithelialization
D. Remodeling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slough, erythema, and pus indicate infection, which stalls
healing.
8. Which topical agent is contraindicated in clean granulating wounds
due to cytotoxic effects?
A. Normal saline
B. Povidone-iodine
C. Hydrogel
D. Silver sulfadiazine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Povidone-iodine can be cytotoxic to fibroblasts; used
selectively in infected wounds.
9. What is the preferred debridement method for a wound with
devitalized tissue and no signs of infection?
A. Surgical sharp debridement
, B. Wet-to-dry gauze
C. Autolytic (hydrogel or hydrocolloid)
D. High-pressure irrigation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autolytic debridement uses the wound’s own enzymes,
painless and selective.
10. Which dressing type is best for a dry, necrotic heel wound with
eschar?
A. Transparent film
B. Alginate
C. Hydrogel
D. Foam dressing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogel rehydrates necrotic tissue to facilitate autolytic
debridement.
11. A stage 3 pressure injury has which characteristic?
A. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
B. Full-thickness skin loss with visible subcutaneous fat but not
bone/tendon
C. Full-thickness loss with exposed bone
D. Unstageable due to slough/eschar
Correct Answer: B
*Rationale: Stage 3 involves full-thickness loss down to subcutaneous
fat; fascia/bone not exposed.*
12. Which is the most reliable method for pressure injury risk
assessment?
A. Visual skin inspection alone
ON HEALING PHASES, WOUND TYPES, DRESSINGS,
AND INFECTION CONTROL COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
1. Which phase of wound healing begins immediately after injury and
lasts about 3–5 days?
A. Maturation phase
B. Proliferative phase
C. Hemostasis/Inflammatory phase
D. Remodeling phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemostasis (initial vasoconstriction and clot formation)
occurs within seconds, followed by inflammation (vasodilation,
phagocytosis), lasting ~3–5 days.
2. Which cell type is predominantly responsible for phagocytosis
during the inflammatory phase?
A. Fibroblasts
B. Neutrophils
C. Keratinocytes
D. Myofibroblasts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutrophils arrive first to engulf bacteria and debris.
Macrophages follow later.
,3. What is the primary role of macrophages in wound healing?
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Wound contraction
C. Phagocytosis and growth factor release
D. Epithelial migration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macrophages clear debris and secrete PDGF, TGF-β, and
VEGF to drive proliferation.
4. Which phase overlaps with the late inflammatory phase and is
marked by angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation?
A. Hemostasis
B. Maturation
C. Proliferative
D. Inflammatory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proliferative phase (days 3–21) includes angiogenesis,
collagen deposition, granulation, and epithelialization.
5. What is the ideal moisture level for a healing wound?
A. Completely dry
B. Completely wet with standing fluid
C. Moist but not macerated
D. Covered with thick eschar
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Moist wound healing promotes cell migration and autolytic
debridement; excess moisture causes maceration.
6. Which systemic factor most negatively affects wound healing?
A. Young age
,B. Adequate vitamin C intake
C. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uncontrolled diabetes impairs perfusion, immunity, and
cellular function.
7. A wound with yellow slough, erythema, and purulent drainage is
most likely in which stage of healing impairment?
A. Healthy granulation
B. Infection
C. Epithelialization
D. Remodeling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slough, erythema, and pus indicate infection, which stalls
healing.
8. Which topical agent is contraindicated in clean granulating wounds
due to cytotoxic effects?
A. Normal saline
B. Povidone-iodine
C. Hydrogel
D. Silver sulfadiazine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Povidone-iodine can be cytotoxic to fibroblasts; used
selectively in infected wounds.
9. What is the preferred debridement method for a wound with
devitalized tissue and no signs of infection?
A. Surgical sharp debridement
, B. Wet-to-dry gauze
C. Autolytic (hydrogel or hydrocolloid)
D. High-pressure irrigation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autolytic debridement uses the wound’s own enzymes,
painless and selective.
10. Which dressing type is best for a dry, necrotic heel wound with
eschar?
A. Transparent film
B. Alginate
C. Hydrogel
D. Foam dressing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogel rehydrates necrotic tissue to facilitate autolytic
debridement.
11. A stage 3 pressure injury has which characteristic?
A. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
B. Full-thickness skin loss with visible subcutaneous fat but not
bone/tendon
C. Full-thickness loss with exposed bone
D. Unstageable due to slough/eschar
Correct Answer: B
*Rationale: Stage 3 involves full-thickness loss down to subcutaneous
fat; fascia/bone not exposed.*
12. Which is the most reliable method for pressure injury risk
assessment?
A. Visual skin inspection alone
