A-level Politics
Non-Core Political Ideas Revision:
Useful Resources:
Political Science Blog covers all non-core ideologies.
Seneca Learning for Overview and Origins.
https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/collections/profiles-of-key-political-thinkers (Key Political Thinkers).
Four Key Themes of Political Ideologies Studies:
Human Nature
The State
Society
The Economy
, Nationalism:
Key Thinkers: Ideological Views: Key Principles:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) Liberal Nationalism: Seeks a 1) Nations
Johann Gottfried von Herder world of autonomous 2) Self-Determination
(1744–1803) nation-states. 3) Nation State
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872) Conservative Nationalism: 4) Culturalism
Charles Maurras (1868-1952) Exists to forge a sense of 5) Racialism
Marcus Garvey (1887–1940) cohesion and unity. 6) Internationalism
Anti/Post-Colonialism:
Rejects colonial rule and seeks
to have governance returned to
the indigenous population.
Expansionist Nationalism:
Rejects the right of all nations
to self-determination, usually
linked to chauvinism.
Origins and Overview:
• Nationalism as a principle of shared identities, histories and political aspirations emerged in the
18th and 19th centuries, as people began to rally around the need for a unifying force.
• Grew gradually throughout the period of Enlightenment, as people began to reconsider their
position in society, especially in the context of the gradually more understood wider world.
• Nationalism and the principle of a collective identity can be linked to any aspect of life or society,
including heritage, liberty, language, collective purpose or cultural dialogue.
• Nature of Nationalism adapted as the ‘great empires’ began to fall. People sought to free
themselves from repressive expansionists, striving for independence and unification.
• 20th and 21st century adaptations saw a progression from anti-colonial movements to
conservative cultural nationalism, and finally modern-day variants of expansionist and
exclusionary measure.
• Many now consider Nationalism to have taken a full cycle and begun repetition.
Human Nature:
Liberal Nationalism:
• Individual Freedom.
• Belief in self-determination , and that people will co-operate in such a way as to achieve this.
• People are rational and autonomous and capable of decision-making.
Conservative Nationalism:
• People naturally seek a sense of security and inclusion.
• Emotional, with the process of nurturing creating a sense of cultural belonging, induced by
customs and traditions.
Anti/Post Colonialism:
• Necessary for a sense of freedom and cultural belonging.
• People are conscious and aware, promoted by collective self-expression.
• Empire destroys self-governance, dignity, and shared values and aspirations.
Non-Core Political Ideas Revision:
Useful Resources:
Political Science Blog covers all non-core ideologies.
Seneca Learning for Overview and Origins.
https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/collections/profiles-of-key-political-thinkers (Key Political Thinkers).
Four Key Themes of Political Ideologies Studies:
Human Nature
The State
Society
The Economy
, Nationalism:
Key Thinkers: Ideological Views: Key Principles:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) Liberal Nationalism: Seeks a 1) Nations
Johann Gottfried von Herder world of autonomous 2) Self-Determination
(1744–1803) nation-states. 3) Nation State
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872) Conservative Nationalism: 4) Culturalism
Charles Maurras (1868-1952) Exists to forge a sense of 5) Racialism
Marcus Garvey (1887–1940) cohesion and unity. 6) Internationalism
Anti/Post-Colonialism:
Rejects colonial rule and seeks
to have governance returned to
the indigenous population.
Expansionist Nationalism:
Rejects the right of all nations
to self-determination, usually
linked to chauvinism.
Origins and Overview:
• Nationalism as a principle of shared identities, histories and political aspirations emerged in the
18th and 19th centuries, as people began to rally around the need for a unifying force.
• Grew gradually throughout the period of Enlightenment, as people began to reconsider their
position in society, especially in the context of the gradually more understood wider world.
• Nationalism and the principle of a collective identity can be linked to any aspect of life or society,
including heritage, liberty, language, collective purpose or cultural dialogue.
• Nature of Nationalism adapted as the ‘great empires’ began to fall. People sought to free
themselves from repressive expansionists, striving for independence and unification.
• 20th and 21st century adaptations saw a progression from anti-colonial movements to
conservative cultural nationalism, and finally modern-day variants of expansionist and
exclusionary measure.
• Many now consider Nationalism to have taken a full cycle and begun repetition.
Human Nature:
Liberal Nationalism:
• Individual Freedom.
• Belief in self-determination , and that people will co-operate in such a way as to achieve this.
• People are rational and autonomous and capable of decision-making.
Conservative Nationalism:
• People naturally seek a sense of security and inclusion.
• Emotional, with the process of nurturing creating a sense of cultural belonging, induced by
customs and traditions.
Anti/Post Colonialism:
• Necessary for a sense of freedom and cultural belonging.
• People are conscious and aware, promoted by collective self-expression.
• Empire destroys self-governance, dignity, and shared values and aspirations.
