WOUND CARE EXAM 1 EXAM 2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Section 1: Wound Healing Physiology (Qs 1–30)
1. What is the correct order of wound healing phases?
Answer: Hemostasis → Inflammation → Proliferation → Maturation
(Remodeling).
Rationale: This is the standard sequence. Hemostasis starts immediately, then
inflammation (cleaning), proliferation (rebuilding), and maturation
(strengthening).
2. Which cells dominate the inflammatory phase?
Answer: Neutrophils and macrophages.
Rationale: Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria/debris; macrophages release growth
factors.
3. When does the proliferation phase typically begin?
Answer: Day 3–4 post-injury, lasting up to 3 weeks.
Rationale: Fibroblasts become active, depositing collagen.
,4. What is the primary cell in the proliferation phase?
Answer: Fibroblast.
Rationale: Produces collagen, ground substance, and promotes granulation tissue.
5. Which wound healing phase involves collagen remodeling and increased tensile
strength?
Answer: Maturation (remodeling) phase.
Rationale: Collagen fibers reorient along tension lines; strength reaches ~80% of
original.
6. Which vitamin deficiency delays wound healing?
Answer: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Rationale: Required for collagen synthesis.
7. What role does zinc play in wound healing?
Answer: Cofactor for enzymes in protein/DNA synthesis.
Rationale: Deficiency impairs epithelialization.
8. How does uncontrolled diabetes impair healing?
,Answer: Microvascular disease, impaired immune function, and delayed collagen
synthesis.
Rationale: Hyperglycemia reduces oxygen delivery and increases infection risk.
9. What is the hallmark of the inflammatory phase after 24 hours?
Answer: Macrophage predominance.
Rationale: Replace neutrophils to continue debridement and signal repair.
10. Oxygen’s primary role in healing?
Answer: Required for collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and bacterial killing
(oxidative burst).
Rationale: Hypoxia delays healing.
11. What is the difference between primary and secondary intention healing?
Answer: Primary = edges approximated (suture); Secondary = open wound healing
by granulation.
Rationale: Secondary takes longer, more scar tissue.
12. Tertiary intention healing is also called?
Answer: Delayed primary closure.
, Rationale: Wound left open then closed ~4–6 days later.
13. Which growth factor is most associated with angiogenesis?
Answer: VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor).
Rationale: Stimulates new blood vessel formation.
14. What does PDGF do?
Answer: Promotes fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis.
Rationale: Platelet-derived growth factor.
15. When is a wound most susceptible to infection?
Answer: During inflammatory phase (first 3–5 days).
Rationale: Open barrier, exudate, and incomplete immune response.
16. What tensile strength does a healed wound achieve at 3 weeks?
Answer: ~20–30% of normal skin.
Rationale: Full strength takes months.
17. Which systemic factor most strongly affects healing?
Section 1: Wound Healing Physiology (Qs 1–30)
1. What is the correct order of wound healing phases?
Answer: Hemostasis → Inflammation → Proliferation → Maturation
(Remodeling).
Rationale: This is the standard sequence. Hemostasis starts immediately, then
inflammation (cleaning), proliferation (rebuilding), and maturation
(strengthening).
2. Which cells dominate the inflammatory phase?
Answer: Neutrophils and macrophages.
Rationale: Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria/debris; macrophages release growth
factors.
3. When does the proliferation phase typically begin?
Answer: Day 3–4 post-injury, lasting up to 3 weeks.
Rationale: Fibroblasts become active, depositing collagen.
,4. What is the primary cell in the proliferation phase?
Answer: Fibroblast.
Rationale: Produces collagen, ground substance, and promotes granulation tissue.
5. Which wound healing phase involves collagen remodeling and increased tensile
strength?
Answer: Maturation (remodeling) phase.
Rationale: Collagen fibers reorient along tension lines; strength reaches ~80% of
original.
6. Which vitamin deficiency delays wound healing?
Answer: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Rationale: Required for collagen synthesis.
7. What role does zinc play in wound healing?
Answer: Cofactor for enzymes in protein/DNA synthesis.
Rationale: Deficiency impairs epithelialization.
8. How does uncontrolled diabetes impair healing?
,Answer: Microvascular disease, impaired immune function, and delayed collagen
synthesis.
Rationale: Hyperglycemia reduces oxygen delivery and increases infection risk.
9. What is the hallmark of the inflammatory phase after 24 hours?
Answer: Macrophage predominance.
Rationale: Replace neutrophils to continue debridement and signal repair.
10. Oxygen’s primary role in healing?
Answer: Required for collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and bacterial killing
(oxidative burst).
Rationale: Hypoxia delays healing.
11. What is the difference between primary and secondary intention healing?
Answer: Primary = edges approximated (suture); Secondary = open wound healing
by granulation.
Rationale: Secondary takes longer, more scar tissue.
12. Tertiary intention healing is also called?
Answer: Delayed primary closure.
, Rationale: Wound left open then closed ~4–6 days later.
13. Which growth factor is most associated with angiogenesis?
Answer: VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor).
Rationale: Stimulates new blood vessel formation.
14. What does PDGF do?
Answer: Promotes fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis.
Rationale: Platelet-derived growth factor.
15. When is a wound most susceptible to infection?
Answer: During inflammatory phase (first 3–5 days).
Rationale: Open barrier, exudate, and incomplete immune response.
16. What tensile strength does a healed wound achieve at 3 weeks?
Answer: ~20–30% of normal skin.
Rationale: Full strength takes months.
17. Which systemic factor most strongly affects healing?
