SCI 200G LIFE SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Process of synthesizing RNA from DNA template.
Complementary Base Pairing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A pairs with T, G pairs with C.
Purines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nitrogenous bases with two rings: A and G.
Pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nitrogenous bases with one ring: C, T, U.
DNA Backbone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Composed of sugar and phosphate groups.
Guanine Percentage Calculation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If T is 44%, G is 6%.
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Unit of heredity; codes for proteins.
DNA Helicase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme unwinding DNA double helix.
TATA Box - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Promoter region for RNA polymerase binding.
DNA Ligase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme joining DNA fragments together.
Okazaki Fragments - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Short DNA segments on lagging strand.
DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme synthesizing new DNA strands.
RNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme synthesizing RNA from DNA.
, Insertion Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Addition of one or more nucleotide bases.
Deletion Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Removal of one or more nucleotide bases.
Translocation Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Segment of DNA moved to another location.
Frameshift Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Caused by insertion or deletion altering reading frame.
Point Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Change of a single nucleotide base.
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Repetitive sequences causing genetic
disorders.
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence coding for amino acids.
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA complementary to codon.
Stop Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Signals termination of protein synthesis; examples: UAA, UAG.
Start Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AUG; where RNA polymerase initiates transcription.
Base Triplet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence in DNA coding for amino acids.
Introns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Non-coding regions spliced out of RNA.
Exons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Coding regions retained in mature RNA.
Polypeptide Gene Length - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Minimum of 60 bases for 20 amino acids.
AND ANSWERS
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Process of synthesizing RNA from DNA template.
Complementary Base Pairing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A pairs with T, G pairs with C.
Purines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nitrogenous bases with two rings: A and G.
Pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nitrogenous bases with one ring: C, T, U.
DNA Backbone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Composed of sugar and phosphate groups.
Guanine Percentage Calculation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If T is 44%, G is 6%.
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Unit of heredity; codes for proteins.
DNA Helicase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme unwinding DNA double helix.
TATA Box - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Promoter region for RNA polymerase binding.
DNA Ligase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme joining DNA fragments together.
Okazaki Fragments - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Short DNA segments on lagging strand.
DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme synthesizing new DNA strands.
RNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enzyme synthesizing RNA from DNA.
, Insertion Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Addition of one or more nucleotide bases.
Deletion Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Removal of one or more nucleotide bases.
Translocation Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Segment of DNA moved to another location.
Frameshift Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Caused by insertion or deletion altering reading frame.
Point Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Change of a single nucleotide base.
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Repetitive sequences causing genetic
disorders.
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence coding for amino acids.
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA complementary to codon.
Stop Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Signals termination of protein synthesis; examples: UAA, UAG.
Start Codon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AUG; where RNA polymerase initiates transcription.
Base Triplet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three-nucleotide sequence in DNA coding for amino acids.
Introns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Non-coding regions spliced out of RNA.
Exons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Coding regions retained in mature RNA.
Polypeptide Gene Length - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Minimum of 60 bases for 20 amino acids.
