HFA Exam Review – Unit 1 Health Foundations and Assessment Study
Guide
What is a microorganism? - ANS ✔✔invisible living single cells.
What is a pathogen? - ANS ✔✔a harmful microorganism that can cause disease in humans.
What is a hazardous food? - ANS ✔✔food that is able to support the growth of pathogenic
microorganisms or the production of toxin.
What does clean mean? - ANS ✔✔to remove oil, grease, dirt and debris using soap and water.
What does sanitize mean? - ANS ✔✔to kill 999 out of 1000 pathogenic microorganisms.
What are some types of microorganisms? - ANS ✔✔bacteria, parasites, viruses, molds, and
yeasts.
can you taste pathogens? - ANS ✔✔pathogenic bacteria are odorless and tasteless, and can
cause disease.
What type of microorganisms are beneficial to humans? - ANS ✔✔probiotics such as
microorganisms found in sauerkraut, yogurt, and cheese.
how do microorganisms grow? - ANS ✔✔bacteria reproduced by dividing itself when the
surroundings are ideal.
how often can bacteria be produced in perfect conditions? - ANS ✔✔bacteria can reproduce
every 20 minutes in perfect condition
, What is the spore state? - ANS ✔✔when bacteria protects itself to stay alive but will not grow.
What are the six things that bacteria needs to grow? - ANS ✔✔temperature, protein, available
water, pH, oxygen, time.
at what temperature do pathogenic bacteria grow (danger zone)? - ANS ✔✔4 to 60° c
What temperature will kill pathogenic bacteria? - ANS ✔✔any temperature above? 74°.
wire dried smoked or salted foods less prone to pathogenic bacteria growth? - ANS ✔✔because
those foods have less water supply for the bacteria to grow.
What types of foods do pathogenic bacteria grow most quickly in? - ANS ✔✔high protein foods
like poultry and seafood
What type of pH level is ideal for pathogenic bacteria? - ANS ✔✔a neutral pH environment is
needed to survive.
true or false? all pathogenic bacteria need oxygen to grow? - ANS ✔✔false. somehow the
bacteria can only grow where there is oxygen, while other pathogenic bacteria can only grow
where there is no oxygen.
What is foodborne illness? - ANS ✔✔disease that's acquired from eating or drinking
contaminated food or water.
What are common symptoms of foodborne illness? - ANS ✔✔stomach cramps, fever, headache,
nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Guide
What is a microorganism? - ANS ✔✔invisible living single cells.
What is a pathogen? - ANS ✔✔a harmful microorganism that can cause disease in humans.
What is a hazardous food? - ANS ✔✔food that is able to support the growth of pathogenic
microorganisms or the production of toxin.
What does clean mean? - ANS ✔✔to remove oil, grease, dirt and debris using soap and water.
What does sanitize mean? - ANS ✔✔to kill 999 out of 1000 pathogenic microorganisms.
What are some types of microorganisms? - ANS ✔✔bacteria, parasites, viruses, molds, and
yeasts.
can you taste pathogens? - ANS ✔✔pathogenic bacteria are odorless and tasteless, and can
cause disease.
What type of microorganisms are beneficial to humans? - ANS ✔✔probiotics such as
microorganisms found in sauerkraut, yogurt, and cheese.
how do microorganisms grow? - ANS ✔✔bacteria reproduced by dividing itself when the
surroundings are ideal.
how often can bacteria be produced in perfect conditions? - ANS ✔✔bacteria can reproduce
every 20 minutes in perfect condition
, What is the spore state? - ANS ✔✔when bacteria protects itself to stay alive but will not grow.
What are the six things that bacteria needs to grow? - ANS ✔✔temperature, protein, available
water, pH, oxygen, time.
at what temperature do pathogenic bacteria grow (danger zone)? - ANS ✔✔4 to 60° c
What temperature will kill pathogenic bacteria? - ANS ✔✔any temperature above? 74°.
wire dried smoked or salted foods less prone to pathogenic bacteria growth? - ANS ✔✔because
those foods have less water supply for the bacteria to grow.
What types of foods do pathogenic bacteria grow most quickly in? - ANS ✔✔high protein foods
like poultry and seafood
What type of pH level is ideal for pathogenic bacteria? - ANS ✔✔a neutral pH environment is
needed to survive.
true or false? all pathogenic bacteria need oxygen to grow? - ANS ✔✔false. somehow the
bacteria can only grow where there is oxygen, while other pathogenic bacteria can only grow
where there is no oxygen.
What is foodborne illness? - ANS ✔✔disease that's acquired from eating or drinking
contaminated food or water.
What are common symptoms of foodborne illness? - ANS ✔✔stomach cramps, fever, headache,
nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
