M116 Finals Questions and Correct Answers
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Where does NSP16 bind
•binds mRNA recognition domains of U1/U2 snRNAs and disrupts mRNA splicing
How do you test for RNA-protein binding?
First you express protein with affinity tag, cross link protein to RNA using UV, you sequence to
find attachments, and use RT to foot print binding sites
Where does NSP16 traffic into?
Nucleus
5EU
Helps with RNA synthesis monitoring
What does NSP16 do to ISG
expression goes down
What does SARS2 do to IFN
production goes down
Do bacteria have introns?
no because they do not have to splice
polycistronic mRNA
,A single molecule of messenger RNA that is formed by the transcription of a group of
functionally related genes located next to one another along bacterial DNA.
mature mRNA
a eukaryotic RNA transcript that has been spliced and processed and is ready for translation in
the course of protein synthesis. 5' cap and poly A tail
5' cap function
- Stabilizes mRNA
- Directs the ribosomes to start translating at the first start codon
-docking
Group I splicing
1. Occurs in tetrahymena (simple single celled eukaryotes)
2. The intron of the mRNA possesses enzymatic activity and are termed "Ribozymes"
3. The splicing involves two trans-esterification reactions (2' hydroxyl attacks phosphate)
4. A guanosine co-factor is needed for splicing
energy neutral
Group II self-splicing introns
Use same mechanism as spliceosome; use folded up structure of intron to carry out same
chemical reactions; branch point A 2' OH attacks upstream junction between exon and intron to
join lariat intermediate; 3' OH attacks downstream splice site to free lariat and ligate exons
together; folded up intron associated with proteins; folds up into secondary structure similar to
mRNA splicing: thought that one evolved from another
, nuclear splicing
takes place on heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) which is the intial primary transcript that contains
the exons and introns
involves two trans-esterification reactions
poly-A tail
Modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 80 to 250
adenine nucleotides. Must be present for translation. Past AAUAAA
constitutive genes
housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
regulated genes
genes whose activity is controlled in response to the needs of a cell or organism
activator
A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates gene transcription. In prokaryotes, activators bind in
or near the promoter; in eukaryotes, activators generally bind to control elements in enhancers.
SR proteins
Repressors bind to
silencer sequences hnrnps
Spinraza MOA
SMN1 gene
Guaranteed A+!
Where does NSP16 bind
•binds mRNA recognition domains of U1/U2 snRNAs and disrupts mRNA splicing
How do you test for RNA-protein binding?
First you express protein with affinity tag, cross link protein to RNA using UV, you sequence to
find attachments, and use RT to foot print binding sites
Where does NSP16 traffic into?
Nucleus
5EU
Helps with RNA synthesis monitoring
What does NSP16 do to ISG
expression goes down
What does SARS2 do to IFN
production goes down
Do bacteria have introns?
no because they do not have to splice
polycistronic mRNA
,A single molecule of messenger RNA that is formed by the transcription of a group of
functionally related genes located next to one another along bacterial DNA.
mature mRNA
a eukaryotic RNA transcript that has been spliced and processed and is ready for translation in
the course of protein synthesis. 5' cap and poly A tail
5' cap function
- Stabilizes mRNA
- Directs the ribosomes to start translating at the first start codon
-docking
Group I splicing
1. Occurs in tetrahymena (simple single celled eukaryotes)
2. The intron of the mRNA possesses enzymatic activity and are termed "Ribozymes"
3. The splicing involves two trans-esterification reactions (2' hydroxyl attacks phosphate)
4. A guanosine co-factor is needed for splicing
energy neutral
Group II self-splicing introns
Use same mechanism as spliceosome; use folded up structure of intron to carry out same
chemical reactions; branch point A 2' OH attacks upstream junction between exon and intron to
join lariat intermediate; 3' OH attacks downstream splice site to free lariat and ligate exons
together; folded up intron associated with proteins; folds up into secondary structure similar to
mRNA splicing: thought that one evolved from another
, nuclear splicing
takes place on heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) which is the intial primary transcript that contains
the exons and introns
involves two trans-esterification reactions
poly-A tail
Modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 80 to 250
adenine nucleotides. Must be present for translation. Past AAUAAA
constitutive genes
housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
regulated genes
genes whose activity is controlled in response to the needs of a cell or organism
activator
A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates gene transcription. In prokaryotes, activators bind in
or near the promoter; in eukaryotes, activators generally bind to control elements in enhancers.
SR proteins
Repressors bind to
silencer sequences hnrnps
Spinraza MOA
SMN1 gene
