Bio 1100 Exam 4 Detailed Study Questions
with Already Graded A+ Answers | Latest
Edition
1. What is a scientific theory? - ANSWER -Understood to be a concept that
has been extensively tested and supported over time.
2. The diversity of life on Earth is the result of what? The relationship of all
life on Earth is explained by what? - ANSWER the diversity of life on earth
is the result of evolution
3. Humans have modified various creatures and plants over time using
selective breeding termed what? - ANSWER artificial selection
4. What is the graduated model? What is the punctuated equilibrium model? -
ANSWER In the graduated model, a species acquires small adaptations to its
environment over millions of years. In the punctuated equilibrium model,
there are periods of stasis interrupted by occasional bursts of speciation.
5. What is allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation? What is adaptive
radiation? - ANSWER Allopatric speciation may occur when a physical
barrier isolates populations. Sympatric speciation occurs with no geographic
isolation. Adaptive radiation is the relatively fast evolution of many species
from a single common ancestor, generally occurs when a species enters a
new area.
6. What is taxonomy? What is the taxonomic hierarchy and order of
classification? How is a species' scientific name written/typed? What is a
phylogenetic tree? What is a clade and what is cladistics? - ANSWER
, Taxonomy is the identification, naming, and classification of species.
Domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species. using their
last two groups in the hierarchy.
7. What are some common misconceptions about evolution? - ANSWER -An
individual cannot evolve or adapt through natural selection. -Evolution
doesn't explain the "Origin of Life". -Evolution has no goal of making faster,
bigger, more complex, or even smarter species.
8. What is ecology? What is environmentalism? What is an ecosystem? What 2
main processes does every ecosystem depend on? Generally, how are the 2
processes different? - ANSWER -the study of how organisms interact with
each other and with their environment.
- a broad philosophy and social movement that seeks to maintain
environmental quality.
- The dynamics of every ecosystem depend on two main processes:
Energy flow and Chemical cycling.
-Energy flow is one-directional while chemical cycling is multi-directional.
9. What are some of the goods and services provided by ecosystems? -
ANSWER - Raw materials, erosion control, water treatment and filtration,
and recreation value.
10.What is an autotroph and heterotroph? - ANSWER An autotroph is an
organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or
other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are
sometimes called producers.
A heterotroph is known as a consumer in the food chain. Consumers are
organisms that cannot make their own food supply. They use the food that
producers make, or they eat other organisms. Animals are consumers. To stay
alive, consumers must get food from other organisms. There are three types of
consumers: Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores.
,11.What are the inputs and products of photosynthesis? Where does
photosynthesis occur in a cell? - ANSWER -In photosynthesis, water,
carbon dioxide, and energy in sunlight are inputs, and the outputs are
glucose and oxygen.
-Chloroplasts
12.What spectrum of light do plants absorb during photosynthesis? - ANSWER
-Red and blue. It reflects green light that why plants have a green color.
13.How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem? - ANSWER -
Carbon enters the biotic part of the ecosystem through the process of
photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water
react to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen.
- It also enters the ecosystem abiotically through human modifications.
14.What types of evidence are available that help understand the evolution of
species on Earth? - ANSWER -Fossil records, Molecular biology,
Biogeography, Anatomy, and Direct observation.
15.1)What is a fossil? 2)How are fossils dated? 3)What are transitional forms?
4)What is biogeography? 5)What is comparative anatomy? 6)What is DNA?
7)Does all life on Earth share some of their DNA? 8)Do species more
closely related have more shared DNA as opposed to those less closely
related? 9) What is the closest living relative to humans? - ANSWER 1)
Fossils are remains of plants and animals that are compressed into rock
2)Fossils can be dated using their geological position or through radiometric
dating.3) ? 4) the study of the geographic distribution of species.
5)Comparisons of the body structures of modern organisms 6)
, 16.What is a gene pool? What is a mutation? How does sexual selection benefit
populations? What is microevolution? What is meant by "fitness" of an
individual when referring to Darwinian fitness? - ANSWER -The gene pool
consists of all versions of all the genes carried by all the individuals in a
population.
-A mutation is an entire gene is added as an extra copy (or many copies) in the
genome.
-Sexual Selection leads to diversity among the population because some males
and females will fight over a mate with better traits. -The contribution that an
individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation in comparison to the
contributions from other individuals.
17.What are the mechanisms of evolution other than natural selection? Explain
each. - ANSWER 1) genetic drift - is a change in a gene pool due to chance,
important in small gene pools
2) bottleneck - population drastically reduced in numbers
3)founder effect - individuals migrate to a new isolated habitat
4)gene flow - genetic exchange among populations due to migration.
5)sexual selection - natural selection that depends on an individual's ability to
obtain a mate.
18.What is macroevolution and speciation? What is the difference between
nonbranching and branching evolution? - ANSWER macro evolution is
genetic change on a large scale. speciation is the evolutionary formation of a
new species. In nonbranching evolution, an ancestral population changes
gradually.In branching evolution, an ancestral population splits into two or
more populations.
19.From how long ago is the oldest know prokaryotic fossil (how old is life on
Earth)? What about eukaryotic fossils? When did the appearance of
anatomically modern humans arise? - ANSWER prokaryotic fossil 3.5
with Already Graded A+ Answers | Latest
Edition
1. What is a scientific theory? - ANSWER -Understood to be a concept that
has been extensively tested and supported over time.
2. The diversity of life on Earth is the result of what? The relationship of all
life on Earth is explained by what? - ANSWER the diversity of life on earth
is the result of evolution
3. Humans have modified various creatures and plants over time using
selective breeding termed what? - ANSWER artificial selection
4. What is the graduated model? What is the punctuated equilibrium model? -
ANSWER In the graduated model, a species acquires small adaptations to its
environment over millions of years. In the punctuated equilibrium model,
there are periods of stasis interrupted by occasional bursts of speciation.
5. What is allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation? What is adaptive
radiation? - ANSWER Allopatric speciation may occur when a physical
barrier isolates populations. Sympatric speciation occurs with no geographic
isolation. Adaptive radiation is the relatively fast evolution of many species
from a single common ancestor, generally occurs when a species enters a
new area.
6. What is taxonomy? What is the taxonomic hierarchy and order of
classification? How is a species' scientific name written/typed? What is a
phylogenetic tree? What is a clade and what is cladistics? - ANSWER
, Taxonomy is the identification, naming, and classification of species.
Domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species. using their
last two groups in the hierarchy.
7. What are some common misconceptions about evolution? - ANSWER -An
individual cannot evolve or adapt through natural selection. -Evolution
doesn't explain the "Origin of Life". -Evolution has no goal of making faster,
bigger, more complex, or even smarter species.
8. What is ecology? What is environmentalism? What is an ecosystem? What 2
main processes does every ecosystem depend on? Generally, how are the 2
processes different? - ANSWER -the study of how organisms interact with
each other and with their environment.
- a broad philosophy and social movement that seeks to maintain
environmental quality.
- The dynamics of every ecosystem depend on two main processes:
Energy flow and Chemical cycling.
-Energy flow is one-directional while chemical cycling is multi-directional.
9. What are some of the goods and services provided by ecosystems? -
ANSWER - Raw materials, erosion control, water treatment and filtration,
and recreation value.
10.What is an autotroph and heterotroph? - ANSWER An autotroph is an
organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or
other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are
sometimes called producers.
A heterotroph is known as a consumer in the food chain. Consumers are
organisms that cannot make their own food supply. They use the food that
producers make, or they eat other organisms. Animals are consumers. To stay
alive, consumers must get food from other organisms. There are three types of
consumers: Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores.
,11.What are the inputs and products of photosynthesis? Where does
photosynthesis occur in a cell? - ANSWER -In photosynthesis, water,
carbon dioxide, and energy in sunlight are inputs, and the outputs are
glucose and oxygen.
-Chloroplasts
12.What spectrum of light do plants absorb during photosynthesis? - ANSWER
-Red and blue. It reflects green light that why plants have a green color.
13.How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem? - ANSWER -
Carbon enters the biotic part of the ecosystem through the process of
photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water
react to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen.
- It also enters the ecosystem abiotically through human modifications.
14.What types of evidence are available that help understand the evolution of
species on Earth? - ANSWER -Fossil records, Molecular biology,
Biogeography, Anatomy, and Direct observation.
15.1)What is a fossil? 2)How are fossils dated? 3)What are transitional forms?
4)What is biogeography? 5)What is comparative anatomy? 6)What is DNA?
7)Does all life on Earth share some of their DNA? 8)Do species more
closely related have more shared DNA as opposed to those less closely
related? 9) What is the closest living relative to humans? - ANSWER 1)
Fossils are remains of plants and animals that are compressed into rock
2)Fossils can be dated using their geological position or through radiometric
dating.3) ? 4) the study of the geographic distribution of species.
5)Comparisons of the body structures of modern organisms 6)
, 16.What is a gene pool? What is a mutation? How does sexual selection benefit
populations? What is microevolution? What is meant by "fitness" of an
individual when referring to Darwinian fitness? - ANSWER -The gene pool
consists of all versions of all the genes carried by all the individuals in a
population.
-A mutation is an entire gene is added as an extra copy (or many copies) in the
genome.
-Sexual Selection leads to diversity among the population because some males
and females will fight over a mate with better traits. -The contribution that an
individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation in comparison to the
contributions from other individuals.
17.What are the mechanisms of evolution other than natural selection? Explain
each. - ANSWER 1) genetic drift - is a change in a gene pool due to chance,
important in small gene pools
2) bottleneck - population drastically reduced in numbers
3)founder effect - individuals migrate to a new isolated habitat
4)gene flow - genetic exchange among populations due to migration.
5)sexual selection - natural selection that depends on an individual's ability to
obtain a mate.
18.What is macroevolution and speciation? What is the difference between
nonbranching and branching evolution? - ANSWER macro evolution is
genetic change on a large scale. speciation is the evolutionary formation of a
new species. In nonbranching evolution, an ancestral population changes
gradually.In branching evolution, an ancestral population splits into two or
more populations.
19.From how long ago is the oldest know prokaryotic fossil (how old is life on
Earth)? What about eukaryotic fossils? When did the appearance of
anatomically modern humans arise? - ANSWER prokaryotic fossil 3.5
