NSG 426 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
1. Safe practice for - Eye protection
chemotherapy - "Chemo" gloves
- Impervious gown
- Face mask
2. Chemotherapy 1. dose-dense
issues -intense side effects
-strict schedule
2. hazardous drugs
-to patient and to the handler
3. IV route
-extravasation
3. side effects of damage to normal tissue
chemo neutropenia
bone marrow suppression
thrombocytopenia
mucosistis
skin changes
anxiety
alopecia
N/V
4. Oncological Sepsis
Emeregencies DIC
SIADH
Spinal cord compression
Hypercalcemia
Superior vena cava syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
5.
, NSG 426 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
Sepsis (oncologi- secondary to neutropenia and impaired immunity
cal emergency) s/s: fever, decreased wbc count
-treat: abx
6. DIC (oncological DIC = A life-threatening condition where the body forms widespread micro-clots
emergency) AND simultaneously bleeds because all clotting factors/platelets get used up.
-caused by sepsis in cancer pts.
Treatment: halt the process
7. labs associated Platelets“low
with DIC Fibrinogen“low
PT/PTT‘prolonged
D-dimer‘VERY high
H/H“if bleeding
Schistocytes on smear Present (RBC destruction)
8. SIADH (oncologi- Oncological emergency caused by tumors secreting ADH ’leading to water reten-
cal emergency) tion, dilutional hyponatremia, and cerebral edema.
Most Common Cancer Cause
-Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) — classic NCLEX association
s/s: hyponatremia, weakness, muscle cramps, fatigue, altered LOC, severe hy-
ponatremia=seizures, coma, death
9. hypercalcemia -When bone is destroyed by tumor cells and more Ca2+ is released than kidneys
(oncological can handle
emergency) -from multiple myeloma or metastatic disease of the bone
-Calcium levels >12
-Tx: aggressive oral/iv hydration, biophosphonates, diuretics, antiemetics, dialy-
sis
s/s: fatigue, loss of appetite, n/v, constipation, increase uop
, NSG 426 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
10. superior vena Obstruction or compression (by lymph nodes or tumors) of the superior vena cava
cava syn- ’impaired venous return from the head, neck, and upper body
drome (oncologi-
cal emergency) S/S: dyspnea, facial and periobital edema (moon face), distention of head, neck,
and chest, seizures, headaches
Treatment: Airway + elevate HOB + oxygen + urgent provider notification + prepare
for radiation/chemo
Early signs: facial/neck/chest vein engorgement, edema of upper body.
Late: respiratory distress, stridor.
Care: HOB up, O2, reduce venous return, notify provider.
11. Tumor Lysis Syn- A life-threatening metabolic emergency caused by rapid tumor cell destruction,
drome (oncologi- which releases massive amounts of intracellular contents into the bloodstream.
cal emergency) - Leads to severe electrolyte imbalances ’arrhythmias, seizures, acute kidney injury.
12. Findings with Platelets <50,000 = bleeding risk.
thrombocytope- <20,000 = spontaneous bleeding (medical emergency).
nia Key findings: petechiae, ecchymosis, hematuria, melena, nosebleeds, prolonged
bleeding.
No IM injections, rectal temps, or sharp razors.
13. HIV vs AIDS AIDS: a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It depletes the immune system, leaving the person
vulnerable to infections
HIV = virus.
AIDS = HIV + CD4 <200 OR opportunistic infection (PCP pneumonia, Kaposi).
AIDS = highest susceptibility to infection/cancer.
14. Radiation side ef- - Skin problems
fects - Dry mouth
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
1. Safe practice for - Eye protection
chemotherapy - "Chemo" gloves
- Impervious gown
- Face mask
2. Chemotherapy 1. dose-dense
issues -intense side effects
-strict schedule
2. hazardous drugs
-to patient and to the handler
3. IV route
-extravasation
3. side effects of damage to normal tissue
chemo neutropenia
bone marrow suppression
thrombocytopenia
mucosistis
skin changes
anxiety
alopecia
N/V
4. Oncological Sepsis
Emeregencies DIC
SIADH
Spinal cord compression
Hypercalcemia
Superior vena cava syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
5.
, NSG 426 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
Sepsis (oncologi- secondary to neutropenia and impaired immunity
cal emergency) s/s: fever, decreased wbc count
-treat: abx
6. DIC (oncological DIC = A life-threatening condition where the body forms widespread micro-clots
emergency) AND simultaneously bleeds because all clotting factors/platelets get used up.
-caused by sepsis in cancer pts.
Treatment: halt the process
7. labs associated Platelets“low
with DIC Fibrinogen“low
PT/PTT‘prolonged
D-dimer‘VERY high
H/H“if bleeding
Schistocytes on smear Present (RBC destruction)
8. SIADH (oncologi- Oncological emergency caused by tumors secreting ADH ’leading to water reten-
cal emergency) tion, dilutional hyponatremia, and cerebral edema.
Most Common Cancer Cause
-Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) — classic NCLEX association
s/s: hyponatremia, weakness, muscle cramps, fatigue, altered LOC, severe hy-
ponatremia=seizures, coma, death
9. hypercalcemia -When bone is destroyed by tumor cells and more Ca2+ is released than kidneys
(oncological can handle
emergency) -from multiple myeloma or metastatic disease of the bone
-Calcium levels >12
-Tx: aggressive oral/iv hydration, biophosphonates, diuretics, antiemetics, dialy-
sis
s/s: fatigue, loss of appetite, n/v, constipation, increase uop
, NSG 426 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jehe3g
10. superior vena Obstruction or compression (by lymph nodes or tumors) of the superior vena cava
cava syn- ’impaired venous return from the head, neck, and upper body
drome (oncologi-
cal emergency) S/S: dyspnea, facial and periobital edema (moon face), distention of head, neck,
and chest, seizures, headaches
Treatment: Airway + elevate HOB + oxygen + urgent provider notification + prepare
for radiation/chemo
Early signs: facial/neck/chest vein engorgement, edema of upper body.
Late: respiratory distress, stridor.
Care: HOB up, O2, reduce venous return, notify provider.
11. Tumor Lysis Syn- A life-threatening metabolic emergency caused by rapid tumor cell destruction,
drome (oncologi- which releases massive amounts of intracellular contents into the bloodstream.
cal emergency) - Leads to severe electrolyte imbalances ’arrhythmias, seizures, acute kidney injury.
12. Findings with Platelets <50,000 = bleeding risk.
thrombocytope- <20,000 = spontaneous bleeding (medical emergency).
nia Key findings: petechiae, ecchymosis, hematuria, melena, nosebleeds, prolonged
bleeding.
No IM injections, rectal temps, or sharp razors.
13. HIV vs AIDS AIDS: a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It depletes the immune system, leaving the person
vulnerable to infections
HIV = virus.
AIDS = HIV + CD4 <200 OR opportunistic infection (PCP pneumonia, Kaposi).
AIDS = highest susceptibility to infection/cancer.
14. Radiation side ef- - Skin problems
fects - Dry mouth
