ETM 2025 Spring Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d6fi60
1. allele frequency a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population
2. gene pool Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
3. normal distribu- the frequency is highest near the mean value and decreases toward each extreme
tion end of the range
4. genetic drift A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
5. Taxonomy The scientific study of how living things are classified
6. Taxon group or level of organization into which organisms are classified
7. Linnaean System Classification system useful for storing and finding information about living things
8. Genus group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial
nomenclature
9. Species a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchang-
ing genes or interbreeding.
10. Phylogeny Evolutionary history of a species
11. Cladistics The most common method to make evolutionary trees
12. Cladogram Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
13. dichotomous key a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between
alternative characters
14. Evolution the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their
ancestors
15. Variation differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs
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, ETM 2025 Spring Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d6fi60
16. interspecific vari- variation among members of different species
ation
17. intraspecific vari- variation among members of the same species
ation
18. Adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
19. artificial selec- process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits
tion
20. natural selection mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations pro-
duce more offspring on average than do other individuals
21. Fitness Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
22. homologous features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have
structures different functions
23. analogous struc- structures that are similar in function but not structure; they do not suggest
tures common ancestry
24. vestigial struc- remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species'
tures ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.
25. Gregor Mendel Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led
to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
26. Purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the
parent.
27. P generation Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
28. F1 generation the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two
organisms
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d6fi60
1. allele frequency a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population
2. gene pool Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
3. normal distribu- the frequency is highest near the mean value and decreases toward each extreme
tion end of the range
4. genetic drift A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
5. Taxonomy The scientific study of how living things are classified
6. Taxon group or level of organization into which organisms are classified
7. Linnaean System Classification system useful for storing and finding information about living things
8. Genus group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial
nomenclature
9. Species a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchang-
ing genes or interbreeding.
10. Phylogeny Evolutionary history of a species
11. Cladistics The most common method to make evolutionary trees
12. Cladogram Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
13. dichotomous key a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between
alternative characters
14. Evolution the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their
ancestors
15. Variation differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs
1/8
, ETM 2025 Spring Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d6fi60
16. interspecific vari- variation among members of different species
ation
17. intraspecific vari- variation among members of the same species
ation
18. Adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
19. artificial selec- process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits
tion
20. natural selection mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations pro-
duce more offspring on average than do other individuals
21. Fitness Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
22. homologous features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have
structures different functions
23. analogous struc- structures that are similar in function but not structure; they do not suggest
tures common ancestry
24. vestigial struc- remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species'
tures ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.
25. Gregor Mendel Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led
to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
26. Purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the
parent.
27. P generation Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
28. F1 generation the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two
organisms
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