ANSC 3270 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED
(LATEST VERSION VERIFIED FOR
ACCURACY GRADE A+)
(QUESTIONS + CORRECT
ANSWERS) SOLVED 100%
CORRECT!! (2026)
What is a stressor? - answer-something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and
elicits a stress response
What is a stress response - answer-involves activation of multiple physiological systems
during perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - answer-as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - answer-enhance survival of an
organisms by restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - answer-through neural
transmitters, endocrine hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
answer-determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment
interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
,What is a resilient animal to stress - answer-they are able to resist, cope, or completely
recover from perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - answer-can lead to hyper-
responsiveness to the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - answer-Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - answer-mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - answer-bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - answer-weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus
contortus in european sheep? Why? - answer-Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in
the growing grass, which the sheep eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - answer-Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - answer-believed that as CO2 increases, so
does the infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - answer-Herpes and influenza
How does a viral infection worsen in the body - answer-when circadian rhythm is
abolished by disruption of a key circadian clock gene
, What is the key circadian clock gene - answer-BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - answer-blood concentration
decreases in the winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during
the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors -
answer-matching animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may
increase risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - answer-Cavalier King
Charles Spaniel
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil - answer-
Holstein/Gir cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep?
- answer-Gulf Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - answer-tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - answer-1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - answer-SAM
activates within seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
Describe the steps of the SAM axis (2) - answer-1. immediate release of Acetylcholine
(ACH) from sympathetic nerve fibres to the adrenal medulla
2. in the adrenal, Nicotinic ACH receptors (NiAchR) triggers the secretions of
epinepherine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NEPI)
FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED
(LATEST VERSION VERIFIED FOR
ACCURACY GRADE A+)
(QUESTIONS + CORRECT
ANSWERS) SOLVED 100%
CORRECT!! (2026)
What is a stressor? - answer-something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and
elicits a stress response
What is a stress response - answer-involves activation of multiple physiological systems
during perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - answer-as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - answer-enhance survival of an
organisms by restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - answer-through neural
transmitters, endocrine hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
answer-determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment
interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
,What is a resilient animal to stress - answer-they are able to resist, cope, or completely
recover from perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - answer-can lead to hyper-
responsiveness to the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - answer-Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - answer-mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - answer-bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - answer-weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus
contortus in european sheep? Why? - answer-Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in
the growing grass, which the sheep eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - answer-Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - answer-believed that as CO2 increases, so
does the infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - answer-Herpes and influenza
How does a viral infection worsen in the body - answer-when circadian rhythm is
abolished by disruption of a key circadian clock gene
, What is the key circadian clock gene - answer-BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - answer-blood concentration
decreases in the winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during
the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors -
answer-matching animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may
increase risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - answer-Cavalier King
Charles Spaniel
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil - answer-
Holstein/Gir cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep?
- answer-Gulf Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - answer-tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - answer-1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - answer-SAM
activates within seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
Describe the steps of the SAM axis (2) - answer-1. immediate release of Acetylcholine
(ACH) from sympathetic nerve fibres to the adrenal medulla
2. in the adrenal, Nicotinic ACH receptors (NiAchR) triggers the secretions of
epinepherine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NEPI)
