A5125 USAHS CLINICAL
NEUROSCIENCE MIDTERM EXAM
(2026) UPDATE VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! LATEST UPDATE
taxia - answer-Loss of full coordination of body movements; can be appendicular
(extremities) or truncal (postural); commonly due to cerebellar lesion; assessed with
TULIA.
Appendicular ataxia - answer-Ataxia affecting limb coordination; tested with finger-to-
nose, heel-to-shin, dysdiadochokinesia tests.
Truncal ataxia - answer-Ataxia affecting postural and core stability; patient has wide-
based gait and difficulty sitting or standing unsupported.
Ideational apraxia - answer-Incorrect tool use; impaired ability to sequence a multistep
task logically (e.g., brushing hair with toothbrush).
Ideomotor apraxia - answer-Knows the steps but cannot execute movement on
command; automatic movements may be intact.
Snellen chart - answer-Gold standard for testing visual acuity; primarily assesses CN II
(optic nerve).
CN II optic nerve function - answer-Sensory nerve responsible for vision, visual acuity,
and afferent limb of pupillary reflex.
,Right optic nerve lesion - answer-Causes right monocular blindness (loss of entire right
visual field), because lesion is before optic chiasm.
Basal Ganglia Go pathway - answer-Excitatory pathway facilitating voluntary movement;
dopamine (D1) increases activity.
Basal Ganglia No-Go pathway - answer-Inhibitory pathway suppressing unwanted
movement; dopamine (D2) modulates inhibition.
Basal Ganglia Hyper-direct pathway - answer-Rapid "stop" pathway that halts
movement mid-action via subthalamic nucleus.
Substantia nigra pars compacta - answer-BG nucleus releasing dopamine that
modulates Go and No-Go pathways; dopamine = excitatory effect; GABA = inhibitory
transmitter.
Cogwheel rigidity - answer-Ratcheting resistance during PROM; common in Parkinson's
disease due to rigidity + tremor overlap.
Global aphasia - answer-Severe deficit in both speech production and comprehension;
usually due to large left perisylvian lesion.
Broca's aphasia - answer-Non-fluent, effortful speech; comprehension intact; lesion in
left inferior frontal gyrus.
Wernicke's aphasia - answer-Fluent speech with incorrect words and impaired
comprehension; lesion in left superior temporal gyrus.
Vestibular lesion symptoms - answer-Vertigo, dizziness, nausea, ataxia, imbalance, and
nystagmus; may be peripheral (inner ear/nerve) or central (brainstem/cerebellum).
, Peripheral vestibular disorders - answer-BPPV (displaced otoconia), vestibular neuritis
(nerve inflammation), Ménière's disease (endolymphatic fluid disorder causing episodic
vertigo + hearing loss).
Peripheral vs Central vestibular signs - answer-Peripheral = more intense vertigo,
fatigable nystagmus, positive Dix-Hallpike; Central = non-fatigable nystagmus,
neurological signs, cerebellar involvement.
Trigeminal sensory screening - answer-Occlude vision; lightly touch forehead, cheek,
and jaw (V1, V2, V3) with cotton; client reports detection.
Trigeminal neuralgia - answer-Sudden, severe, electric-shock pain in one or more
trigeminal branches; often triggered by touch or chewing; usually unilateral.
Dizziness differential screening - answer-Assess Triggers, Timing, Oculomotor signs
(nystagmus, gaze), Provocative testing (Dix-Hallpike), and other neurological deficits to
differentiate central vs peripheral causes.
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) - answer-Progressive degeneration of UMN + LMN
causing weakness, fasciculations, hyperreflexia, dysphagia, and eventual respiratory
failure.
Superior cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Major efferent output from cerebellum
to red nucleus and thalamus.
Middle cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Major afferent input from contralateral
pontine nuclei.
Inferior cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Carries both afferent (from vestibular +
spinal) and efferent fibers.
NEUROSCIENCE MIDTERM EXAM
(2026) UPDATE VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! LATEST UPDATE
taxia - answer-Loss of full coordination of body movements; can be appendicular
(extremities) or truncal (postural); commonly due to cerebellar lesion; assessed with
TULIA.
Appendicular ataxia - answer-Ataxia affecting limb coordination; tested with finger-to-
nose, heel-to-shin, dysdiadochokinesia tests.
Truncal ataxia - answer-Ataxia affecting postural and core stability; patient has wide-
based gait and difficulty sitting or standing unsupported.
Ideational apraxia - answer-Incorrect tool use; impaired ability to sequence a multistep
task logically (e.g., brushing hair with toothbrush).
Ideomotor apraxia - answer-Knows the steps but cannot execute movement on
command; automatic movements may be intact.
Snellen chart - answer-Gold standard for testing visual acuity; primarily assesses CN II
(optic nerve).
CN II optic nerve function - answer-Sensory nerve responsible for vision, visual acuity,
and afferent limb of pupillary reflex.
,Right optic nerve lesion - answer-Causes right monocular blindness (loss of entire right
visual field), because lesion is before optic chiasm.
Basal Ganglia Go pathway - answer-Excitatory pathway facilitating voluntary movement;
dopamine (D1) increases activity.
Basal Ganglia No-Go pathway - answer-Inhibitory pathway suppressing unwanted
movement; dopamine (D2) modulates inhibition.
Basal Ganglia Hyper-direct pathway - answer-Rapid "stop" pathway that halts
movement mid-action via subthalamic nucleus.
Substantia nigra pars compacta - answer-BG nucleus releasing dopamine that
modulates Go and No-Go pathways; dopamine = excitatory effect; GABA = inhibitory
transmitter.
Cogwheel rigidity - answer-Ratcheting resistance during PROM; common in Parkinson's
disease due to rigidity + tremor overlap.
Global aphasia - answer-Severe deficit in both speech production and comprehension;
usually due to large left perisylvian lesion.
Broca's aphasia - answer-Non-fluent, effortful speech; comprehension intact; lesion in
left inferior frontal gyrus.
Wernicke's aphasia - answer-Fluent speech with incorrect words and impaired
comprehension; lesion in left superior temporal gyrus.
Vestibular lesion symptoms - answer-Vertigo, dizziness, nausea, ataxia, imbalance, and
nystagmus; may be peripheral (inner ear/nerve) or central (brainstem/cerebellum).
, Peripheral vestibular disorders - answer-BPPV (displaced otoconia), vestibular neuritis
(nerve inflammation), Ménière's disease (endolymphatic fluid disorder causing episodic
vertigo + hearing loss).
Peripheral vs Central vestibular signs - answer-Peripheral = more intense vertigo,
fatigable nystagmus, positive Dix-Hallpike; Central = non-fatigable nystagmus,
neurological signs, cerebellar involvement.
Trigeminal sensory screening - answer-Occlude vision; lightly touch forehead, cheek,
and jaw (V1, V2, V3) with cotton; client reports detection.
Trigeminal neuralgia - answer-Sudden, severe, electric-shock pain in one or more
trigeminal branches; often triggered by touch or chewing; usually unilateral.
Dizziness differential screening - answer-Assess Triggers, Timing, Oculomotor signs
(nystagmus, gaze), Provocative testing (Dix-Hallpike), and other neurological deficits to
differentiate central vs peripheral causes.
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) - answer-Progressive degeneration of UMN + LMN
causing weakness, fasciculations, hyperreflexia, dysphagia, and eventual respiratory
failure.
Superior cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Major efferent output from cerebellum
to red nucleus and thalamus.
Middle cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Major afferent input from contralateral
pontine nuclei.
Inferior cerebellar peduncle function - answer-Carries both afferent (from vestibular +
spinal) and efferent fibers.
