Bio 467 Final Exam Review with correct answers 100% 2026

Bio 467 Final Exam Review with correct answers 100% 2026 Which of the following genes appear to be selectively expressed in large motor neurons located in the mature spinal cord ventral horn - Correct Answer Slc18a3 Which of the following statements regarding lower motor neurons is false? a) They utilize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to trigger muscle contraction at a neuromuscular junction. b) Lower motor neurons that innervate the muscles in your hand are located in the medial ventral horn. c) In adults, a single, lower motor neuron typically innervates multiple myofibers in a single muscle. d) In adults, retrograde labeleing of a single muscle, leads to labeling of multiple lower motor neurons. - Correct Answer b) Lower motor neurons that innervate the muscles in your hand are located in the medial ventral horn. The finding that as synaptic activity to a motor pool increases, slow motor units are recruited first, followed by fast fatigue-resistant, and then fast-fatiguable is known as the ______ principle. - Correct Answer size The activity of ________ motor neurons is a critical factor that regulates the sensitivity or gain of the muscle spindle system. - Correct Answer gamma T/F: Locomotion is associated with a rhythmic pattern of limb movements controlled by central pattern generators (CPGs). CPGs must have descending input from the forebrain in order to operate at all. - Correct Answer False Upper motor neurons that control axial muscles project with which of the following patterns? - Correct Answer medial grey matter over many spinal segments Most of the time, corticospinal axons... - Correct Answer synapse onto local circuit neurons in the spinal cord Damage to the right lateral portion of the motor cortex in the precentral gyrus would most likely lead to which of the following outcomes? - Correct Answer problems with left face movements Which of the following statements about neurons in the primary motor cortex is false? a) Stimulation of one neuron typically leads to flexion of a single muscle b) The direction of movement is controlled by populations of neurons in primary motor cortex c) A single neuron in primary motor cortex is somewhat directionally selective d) Corticspinal neuron cell bodies are primarily located in Layer 5 - Correct Answer a) Stimulation of one neuron typically leads to flexion of a single muscle Weakness and spasticity are a classic sign of ______ motor neuron syndrome. - Correct Answer upper Corticostriatal axons primarily synapse on __________ neurons in the caudate and the putamen. - Correct Answer medium spiny The globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata provide the primary source of basal ganglia ______. These two nuclei regulate motor commands by forming synapses on neurons in the ______ and _______. - Correct Answer output, thalamus, superior colliculus The medium spiny neurons of the basal ganglia... - Correct Answer produce inhibition by release of GABA In the direct pathway, medium spiny neurons send a projection to the _______ segment of the globus pallidus. - Correct Answer internal The indirect pathway in the basal ganglia involves medium spiny neuron projections to the _______ segment of the globus pallidus. - Correct Answer external T/F: The indirect pathway inhibits the direct pathway. - Correct Answer True Dopamine binding to ____ receptors on a subclass of medium spiny neurons in the basal ganglia result in activation of cAMP, while ___ receptors lead to a decrease in cAMP. - Correct Answer D1, D2 Which of the following mechanisms provides the best explanation for the effects of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease? - Correct Answer l-dopa treatment restores the firing rate of direct pathway MSNs The globus pallidus makes reciprocal connections with which structure? - Correct Answer Subthalamic nucleus Basal ganglia thalamo-cortical efferents, in the body movement loop, synapse in the ________ and _______ cortices. - Correct Answer primary motor, premotor The caudate receives cortical input from _____ areas while the putamen receives cortical input from _____ and ______ somatic sensory cortices. - Correct Answer association; primary, secondary You are studying Parkinson's disease using a mouse model and want to use a new treatment that targets dopamine D2 receptors in the dorsal striatum. However, you are concerned that the treatment may affect dopamine receptors expressed in other regions of the brain. Using fluorescent immunohistological sections from the Human Protein Atlas (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., what other regions in the mouse basal ganglia express these receptors? - Correct Answer Globus pallidus, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area Which of the following statements about the basal ganglia is NOT correct? - Correct A