IT 341 FINAL GMU EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

IT 341 FINAL GMU EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Converged Network? - Answers A network where multiple types of traffic are all under one network Saves a lot of money What is a Cisco Borderless Network? - Answers Allows organizations to connect anytime anywhere with any type of secure device easily Borderless switched networks are what 4 things? - Answers Hierarchical Modular Resilient Flexible Converged networks that are part of organization have 3 parts...what are they? - Answers Core - The center Distribution - connection to the core Access - Switches are used to connect to the distribution and give access to the users Switched LANS allow for what? - Answers Flexibility traffic management Features like: QoS, security, wireless Fixed vs modular vs stackable switch form factor? - Answers Fixed - number of ports and abilities is set, no changes modular - extra ports and other things can be added later stack-able - switches are stacked a connected by cables to operate as one big switch How does a switch learn what devices are on a network? - Answers It builds a table called a MAC address or CAM table This table saves the device port. What does a switch do when it gets a frame that is not in the CAM table? - Answers The switch floods all known ports except the one that they got the frame from. The correct port will accept the frame. Store and forward vs cut-through? - Answers - gets the entire frame and finds the CRC, if valid the frame is forwarded - forwards the frame before it has been fully received. It at least reads the destination address Collision domain? - Answers all ports belong to the same collision domain all ports have a collision domain of their own How doe switches help alleviate network congestion? 3 - Answers segment the collision domains by port provide full duplex communication buffer large frames Switch Boot Sequence? (5) - Answers 1. POST 2. Run boot loader software 3. Boot loader does CPU initialization on a low-level 4. initializes the flash file system 5. Loads the IOS operating system What are the steps required to find a IOS image? - Answers - Tries to boot with info already available in BOOT environment - if not found, perform a top-to-bottom search through the file system - IOS initializes the interface using the Cisco IOS commands from NVRAM Whats NTP protocol - Answers Network time protocol - uses to synchronize the clocks of computer systems data networks Split into a client and server What is a VLAN? - Answers Logical partition of layer 2 multiple VLANs can exist each has its own broadcast How do you pass packets from VLAN to VLAN? - Answers isolated, unaware of each other so you must use a router to pass packets. Benefits on a VLAN? - Answers - groups of secure information can be separated from the rest of the network - cost reduction - small broadcast domains - Better IT staff efficiency since users can be grouped by requirements Types of VLANs and what they do? - Answers - Data VLAN = user generated traffic - Default VLAN = all switch ports are part of this VLAN after boot - Native VLAN = used to untag traffic - Management VLAN = used for managing the switch with SSH, Telnet, HTTP Voice VLANs? - Answers Sometimes called VoIP - very demanding VLAN Trunks? - Answers Carries multiple VLANs established between two switches so devices on the same VLAN cam communicate IEEE 802.1q - popular VLAN trunk protocol How can you control broadcast domains? - Answers VLANS have a broadcast domain of their own Help control the reach of broadcast frames Tagging Ethernet Frames? - Answers This occurs when a frame tag is added to a frame with the proper VLAN identification. Switches add the frame and remove the frame when its its time to forward Frames belonging to the native VLAN are? - Answers Not tagged since this is the default VLAN What is the default native VLAN on a cisco router? - Answers VLAN 1 What happens if a frame is sent to a switch that has no ports on a native VLAN and no trunk links to any other VLANs? - Answers The frame is dropped since it has no where to go VLANs are split into two categories? what are they? - Answers Normal Range VLANs Extended Range VLANs Normal Range VLANS? - Answers numbered 1 to 1005 conf stored in flash memory VTP used to managed VLAN between switches Extended Range VLANs? - Answers numbered 1006 to 4096 conf stored in the NVRAM VTP not used or learned VLANs are often associated with what? - Answers an IP address, so IP address outside of a certain range often don't connect correctly What does "switchport trunk allowed vlan" do? - Answers command that specifies which VLANs are allowed in a trunk link What is routing? (Basic level) - Answers moving traffic between networks What are some things routers can do? - Answers - use static and dynamic routing to build routing tables - determine the best path for a packet - encapsulate the packet and forward it Static assigned IP addresses? - Answers manually assigned IP address, subnet mask and default gateway used for servers or printers where you need to always no the destination Dynamically assigned IP addresses? - Answers IP info is assigned by the DHCP this is how most hosts work Steps to configure a basic router? (4) - Answers - name the device - secure management access - configure the banner - save the config What is AD (Administrative distance) and is it better to have a lower or higher number? - Answers - this is the distance from the router to the device or function - the lower the AD the closer. For example, an AD of 0 would mean that something is directly connected. What is the routing table and what does it store? - Answers - file stored in the RAM that contains info like... directly connected routes remote routes next hops or networks What does "show IP route" do? - Answers display the routing table contents like local route interfaces directly connected interfaces static routes dynamic routing protocol What is inter-VLAN routing? - Answers The process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another through a router VLANs cannot forward traffic even if they are not the same switch without some sort of assistance What is router on a stick? - Answers one of the routers interfaces is configured as a 802.1Q so it can read VLAN tags. Subinterfaces are created for each VLAN with an IP address. Members on that VLAN use that subinterface IP address as the default gateway What does VLAN trunking do? (Use of multiple VLANs out) - Answers This allows many VLANS to use just one physical port on the switch to connect it to the router rather than multiple. ICMP echo request is? - Answers a may of pinging a device to see if it is connected and working properly. Tracert? - Answers utility used to confirm that a pouting path took place between two devices Two ways routers can learn about remote networks? - Answers Manually - entered manually into the routing table Dynamically - automatically learned using the dynamic routing protocol Static routing advantages over dynamic? - Answers - Not advertised over the network, so better security - use less bandwidth and dont use CPU cycles to calculate communication routes - the path a static route uses to send data is known Static routing disadvantages? - Answers - initial config and maintenance is time-consuming - config can have errors - admin is needed to maintain route info - doesnt scale well with a growing network - requires knowledge of the whole network for implementation When should you use static routes? - Answers - small networks with not alot of growth - routing in a stub network - using a single default route - connect to a specific network