Biol 243 Exam 1 usc Questions With
Anatomy - ANSWER _________ is th study of structure of body parts & their
relationship to one another
Physiology - ANSWER ____________is the study of the function of body parts; how
they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
Anatomy & Physiology - ANSWER form & function=_____________
Gross(macroscopic) anatomy - ANSWER study of large visible structures
Gross anatomy divisions - ANSWER regional anatomy
System anatomy
Surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy - ANSWER deals with structures too small to be seen by
naked eye
cytology & histology
cytology - ANSWER microscopic study of cells
histology - ANSWER microscopic study of tissues
developmental anatomy - ANSWER studies anatomical and physiological
development throughout life
Embryology- study developments before birth
subdivisions of physiology - ANSWER based on organ systems
often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of body- how body's abilities are
dependent on chemical reactions in cells
principle of complementary of structure and function - ANSWER function always
reflects structure
what a structure can do depends on its specific form
structural organization - ANSWER chemical
cellular
tissue
,organ
organ system
organismal
necessary life functions - ANSWER maintaining boundaries
movement
responsiveness
digestion
metabolism
excretion
reproduction
growth
maintaining boundaries - ANSWER separation between internal and external
environments must exist
plasma membranes separate cells
skin separates organism from environment
movement - ANSWER muscular system allows movement
of body parts via skeletal muscles
or substances via cardiac muscle(blood)& smooth muscle(digestion urination)
contractility
responsiveness - ANSWER ability to sense and respond to stimuli
withdraw reflex prevents injury
control of breathing rate- must change in response to different activities
contractility - ANSWER refers to movement at cellular level
digestion - ANSWER Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption
of simple molecules into blood
metabolism - ANSWER All chemical reactions that occur in body cells. Sum of all
catabolism (breakdown of molecules) and anabolism (synthesis of molecules
excretion - ANSWER Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion. Urea
(from breakdown of proteins), carbon dioxide (from metabolism), feces
(unabsorbed foods)
reproduction - ANSWER At the cellular level, reproduction involves division of
cells for growth or repair. At the organismal level, reproduction is the
production of offspring
growth - ANSWER increase in size of a body part or of organism
survival needs - ANSWER need several factors in appropriate amounts
, nutrients
oxygen
water
normal body temp
appropriate atmospheric pressue
nutrients - ANSWER Chemicals for energy and cell building
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals and vitamins:
oxygen - ANSWER Essential for release of energy from foods
The body can survive only a few minutes without oxygen
water - ANSWER Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery
environment needed for chemical reactions
Also is fluid base for secretions and excretions
normal body temp - ANSWER If body temp falls below or goes above 37°C, rates
of chemical reactions are affected
appropriate atmospheric pressure - ANSWER Specific pressure of air is needed
for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs
Homeostasis - ANSWER the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
despite continuous changes in environment
dynamic state of equilibrium
homeostatic controls - ANSWER control of variables involves three components
receptor
control center
effector
receptor - ANSWER Monitors environment
Responds to stimuli (things that cause changes in controlled variables)
control center - ANSWER Determines set point at which variable is maintained
Receives input from receptor
Determines appropriate response
effector - ANSWER receives output from control center
Provides the means to respond
Response either reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or enhances stimulus
(positive feedback)
negative feedback - ANSWER most used
response reduces or shuts off original stimulus
variable changes in opposite direction of initial change
Anatomy - ANSWER _________ is th study of structure of body parts & their
relationship to one another
Physiology - ANSWER ____________is the study of the function of body parts; how
they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
Anatomy & Physiology - ANSWER form & function=_____________
Gross(macroscopic) anatomy - ANSWER study of large visible structures
Gross anatomy divisions - ANSWER regional anatomy
System anatomy
Surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy - ANSWER deals with structures too small to be seen by
naked eye
cytology & histology
cytology - ANSWER microscopic study of cells
histology - ANSWER microscopic study of tissues
developmental anatomy - ANSWER studies anatomical and physiological
development throughout life
Embryology- study developments before birth
subdivisions of physiology - ANSWER based on organ systems
often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of body- how body's abilities are
dependent on chemical reactions in cells
principle of complementary of structure and function - ANSWER function always
reflects structure
what a structure can do depends on its specific form
structural organization - ANSWER chemical
cellular
tissue
,organ
organ system
organismal
necessary life functions - ANSWER maintaining boundaries
movement
responsiveness
digestion
metabolism
excretion
reproduction
growth
maintaining boundaries - ANSWER separation between internal and external
environments must exist
plasma membranes separate cells
skin separates organism from environment
movement - ANSWER muscular system allows movement
of body parts via skeletal muscles
or substances via cardiac muscle(blood)& smooth muscle(digestion urination)
contractility
responsiveness - ANSWER ability to sense and respond to stimuli
withdraw reflex prevents injury
control of breathing rate- must change in response to different activities
contractility - ANSWER refers to movement at cellular level
digestion - ANSWER Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption
of simple molecules into blood
metabolism - ANSWER All chemical reactions that occur in body cells. Sum of all
catabolism (breakdown of molecules) and anabolism (synthesis of molecules
excretion - ANSWER Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion. Urea
(from breakdown of proteins), carbon dioxide (from metabolism), feces
(unabsorbed foods)
reproduction - ANSWER At the cellular level, reproduction involves division of
cells for growth or repair. At the organismal level, reproduction is the
production of offspring
growth - ANSWER increase in size of a body part or of organism
survival needs - ANSWER need several factors in appropriate amounts
, nutrients
oxygen
water
normal body temp
appropriate atmospheric pressue
nutrients - ANSWER Chemicals for energy and cell building
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals and vitamins:
oxygen - ANSWER Essential for release of energy from foods
The body can survive only a few minutes without oxygen
water - ANSWER Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery
environment needed for chemical reactions
Also is fluid base for secretions and excretions
normal body temp - ANSWER If body temp falls below or goes above 37°C, rates
of chemical reactions are affected
appropriate atmospheric pressure - ANSWER Specific pressure of air is needed
for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs
Homeostasis - ANSWER the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
despite continuous changes in environment
dynamic state of equilibrium
homeostatic controls - ANSWER control of variables involves three components
receptor
control center
effector
receptor - ANSWER Monitors environment
Responds to stimuli (things that cause changes in controlled variables)
control center - ANSWER Determines set point at which variable is maintained
Receives input from receptor
Determines appropriate response
effector - ANSWER receives output from control center
Provides the means to respond
Response either reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or enhances stimulus
(positive feedback)
negative feedback - ANSWER most used
response reduces or shuts off original stimulus
variable changes in opposite direction of initial change
