Community Quiz and Case Study Questions and Answers

Community Quiz and Case Study Questions and Answers What value does the key informant provide? A. An insider's first impression B. An outsider's perspective C. An outsider's first impression D. An insider's perspective D. An insider's perspective Which of the following are indicators of a healthy community? A. parks, traffic, walkable sidewalks, food deserts B. farmers' markets, trash, bars on house windows, poorly lit streets C. zoning laws, green spaces, deserted sidewalks, fast food restaurants D. green spaces, walkable sidewalks, mixed use, farmers' markets D. green spaces, walkable sidewalks, mixed use, farmers' markets Directed conversation with a select member of a community about a health problem is the community assessment method known as: A. participant observation B. windshield survey C. key informant interview D. focus group C. key informant interview Which of the following sources about a community's health would give the community health nurse detailed information about births, deaths, and marriages and aid in providing indicators of population growth or reduction? A. Census data B. Vital statistics C. National health survey data D. Surveys on subjects of government interest B. Vital statistics Which of the following would most accurately be identified as a "community of concern" by public health? A. Association of Student Nurses B. A boys scout troop C. A support group for multiple sclerosis D. Fisherman in New Bedford, MA D. Fisherman in New Bedford, MA Once data have been collected and a community's strengths and weaknesses have been identified, the next step in the process involves: A. Collecting more data B. Evaluating the outcomes C. Writing a community diagnosis D. Planning community interventions C. Writing a community diagnosis Evaluation of a community project includes which of the following elements: A. A presentation with abstract B. priorities and logistics C. process and product D. assessment and data collection C. process and product Of the unlimited suggestions on how to improve healthcare in our communities, perhaps the most helpful idea is which of the following? A. Increase funding for further research into the most effective medical interventions B. Expand funding and personnel to advance new pharmaceutical interventions C. Increase technological advances to constantly improve surgical survival rates D. Change the built environment to support healthy behaviors and lifestyles D. Change the built environment to support healthy behaviors and lifestyles In reviewing the scientific literature for a community health project, the selection criteria should include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Information about the target population B. Most recent scientific evidence regarding defined problem C. Ineffective communication strategies D. Successful evidence-based methodologies for the intervention A. Information about the target population B. Most recent scientific evidence regarding defined problem D. Successful evidence-based methodologies for the intervention Which of the following health promotion programs is aimed at the primary level of prevention? A. Annual dental exam by dentist B. Removing vending machines that dispense sweetened carbonated beverages from schools C. Teeth cleaned by dental hygienists every six months D. Brush teeth twice a day and floss every day D. Brush teeth twice a day and floss every day The primary purpose of hospice is to do which of the following? A. provide anticipatory grief support to the patient and family B. improve the quality of life for the terminally ill patient C. decrease the cost of the traditional home health services D. coordinate the services reimbursed by medicare for terminally ill patients B. improve the quality of life for the terminally ill patient As a patient's health declines, a patient may appoint a health care proxy, another person to make health decisions for them in the event that they are no longer able. This is also known as: A. Durable power of attorney for health care B. Final wishes C. A palliative care plan D. Legal guardian A. Durable power of attorney for health care A nurse reads that a patient has DNR/DNI written in their chart, informing staff of their wishes not to be resuscitated and not to be intubated. Which document establishes the the DNR/DNI order for the patient? A. Living will B. Oasis C. Plan of care D. Durable power of attorney A. Living will A patient with a C3, F3, S3 assessment score in OASIS will require which level of care? A. The lowest level of care offered by the home care agency B. A LPN 2 days a week C. Only a physical therapist and a not a nurse D. The highest level of of care and utilization D. The highest level of of care and utilization Examples of evidence based tools community health nurses use include A. Pain scale B. Heart Failure "Zones" assessment C. Braden Scale for skin assessment D. All of the above D. All of the above True or False: Preventing infection, Identifying patients correctly, and Using medication safely are all 2016 Home Care National Patient Safety Goals. True Palliative Care centers on providing comfort and easing pain. Other characteristics of Palliative care include: A. Symptom management B. Can still be seeking curative treatment C. means "to cloak" or protect D. all of the above D. all of the above Nursing interventions during end of life care include all of the follow except: A. Decreasing irritating stimuli B. Removing excess blankets to keep patient cool C. Discuss with family members the options to say goodbye or give patient permission to die D. Atropine drops sublingually B. Removing excess blankets to keep patient cool A home care nurse completes an OASIS assessment on a new patient. This will include an assessment in which OASIS domains? SATA A. Functional B. Clinical C. Psychosocial D. Service Utilization A. Functional B. Clinical D. Service Utilization The majority of home care services are paid for by which payer? A. Private insurance B. Medicare C. Medicaid D. Self-pay B. Medicare Universally recognized factors that contribute to violence include the following except: A. Poverty B. Access to firearms C. Substance abuse D. Education system D. Education system Violent shaking of an infant that causes injury at the junction of the brain stem and spinal cord that can result in death is known as: A. abusive head trauma B. emotional abuse C. sexual abuse D. child neglect A. abusive head trauma A community health nurse has finished a teaching session to school nurses on gang youth. Which statement by a school nurse indicates a need for further education. A. Youth gang members initiate sexual behavior at an earlier age than non-gang peers. B. Youth gang members have a higher rate of mental health disorders than their non-gang peers. C. Youth gang members are at lower risk for violence than their non-gang peers. D. Youth gang members are more likely to participate in risky behaviors such as alcohol and drug use than their non-gang peers. C. Youth gang members are at lower risk for violence than their non-gang peers. Safety strategies for the community health nurse working in the community include all of the following except: A. Drive a vehicle in good repair with a full tank of gas. Carry two sets of keys. B. Know the area you are visiting, along with the correct address and information about who will be home. C. When in the home, sit between the client and the exit. D. If someone in the home is violent, call for others in the home to help you. D. If someone in the home is violent, call for others in the home to help you. A visiting nurse visits an older client who has an adult child as a caretaker. Which observations should the nurse be concerned about: A. The older client's hair has become matted and has bobbi pins caught in it. B. The house temperature is warm and comfortable. C. There are no towels in the house. D. The pantry has many canned goods and boxed foods. There is also canned and dry cat food. E. There are several cats in the house and cat feces in the living room and kitchen. A. The older client's hair has become matted and has bobbi pins caught in it. C. There are no towels in the house. E. There are several cats in the house and cat feces in the living room and kitchen. Dr. Martins discussed the challenge of adequately assessing the population that is homeless. She mentioned a local professor that organizes a count one night a year to report the homeless population. This is also know as A. a PIT count B. Census tracking C. Incidence D. none of the above A. a PIT count All of the following contribute to obesity among people who are homeless and lower income communities except: A. Decreased availability of fast food B. Lack of access to safe places for exercise C. The high cost of healthy foods D. Food insecurity A. Decreased availability of fast food The U. S Department of Education expands the definition of a homeless child to include: A. Child abandoned in a hospital B. Child in foster care C. Child in a group home D. Child living with a grandparent A. Child abandoned in a hospital Female veterans who are homeless represent a specific sub-population of people who are homeless. When studied, over half of this group reported a history of A. Agent orange exposure B. Military sexual trauma C. childhood neglect D. none of the above B. Military sexual trauma Health conditions frequently impacting people who are homeless include A. Trauma B. Upper respiratory infections C. Mental health disorders D. all of the above D. all of the above Morbidity relates to: A. Illness in a population B. Death in a population C. Life expectancy of an individual D. Number of people who die from a disease A. Illness in a population Epidemiology is the study of the: A. Cause and prevention of communicable disease B. Distribution and determinants of disease in a population C. Effective care of people who are ill D. Human response to specific health problems B. Distribution and determinants of disease in a population The three points that comprise the epidemiological triangle include: A. Underlying factors, disease, symptoms B. Agent, host, environment C. Environment, host, nursing D. Agent, disease, treatment B. Agent, host, environment In epidemiology, the number of new events cases in a specific population during a specific period of time is known as: A. Incidence B. Incident Rate C. Prevalence D. Adjusted Rate B. Incident Rate An school health nurse calculates a proportion (rate) in which the numerator includes only those students at the school diagnosed with asthma and the denominator includes the total number of students in the school. This proportion is known as the: A. Prevalence rate B. Crude rate C. Incidence rate D. Adjusted rate A. Prevalence rate A small business employs 20 people who share an office. On Monday, Beth, the superviser, goes home sick with a fever and chills, but not before coughing and sneezing on the other 19 employees. The following day 6 employees stay home with fever, chills, coughing and sneezing. To the nearest whole percentage point, Calculate the attack rate for this virus. Do not include Beth in the calculation. The attack rate is: 32% An individual or group with a greater probability of acquiring a disease is termed: A. Hosts B. Resiliant C. Immune D. At risk D. At risk Research studies that follow a healthy population to track disease and illness that they develop are known as: A. Descriptive B. Randomized Clinical Trial C. Prospective D. Retrospective C. Prospective 500 peopled attended a large catered event. 350 ate apple pie for dessert. Later that night, 75 people developed nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea from the apple pie. What was the attack rate of the food poisoning? A. 21% B. 15% C. 70% D. 25% A. 21% True or False: Multiple causation is the concept that no one host, agent, or disease can cause disease alone. True Within the chain of infection, anything in which the infectious agent normally lives and multiplies is known as the: A. Portal of exit B. Reservoir C. Host D. Infectious agent B. Reservoir In the movie, Contagion, Mitch Emhoff, played by Matt Damon, does not get sick with the illness that killed his wife and stepson. One possible explanation for this would be: A. Natural immunity B. Herd immunity C. Passive immunity D. Active immunity A. Natural immunity True or False: During the incubation stage of infection, the disease is not communicable until symptoms are present. False A patient returns to have his purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test examined on his forearm. There is a 4mm raised red area where the test was placed. The PPD is interpreted as: A. Positive B. Inaccurate C. Negative D. Inconclusive C. Negative TB treatment is based on a patient's health history, age, and potential resistance, however, optimal treatment for latent TB includes: A. Rifampin for 9 months B. Pyrazinamide for 6 months C. Isoniazid for 9 months D. Ethambutol for 12 months C. Isoniazid for 9 months Another disease that has fueled the resurgence of TB around the world has been: A. Polio B. Zika C. HIV/AIDS D. Ebola C. HIV/AIDS True or False: If someone exhibits Zika symptoms, they are usually mild and last 3-7 days. True Which of the following symptoms is common in clients with TB? A. Weight loss B. Dyspnea on exertion C. Increased appetite D. Mental status changes A. Weight loss HIV, a retrovirus, is the organism that causes the syndrome known as AIDS. This virus causes a decrease in the patient's CD4 count. At what CD4 level does the patient develop AIDS? A. Above 1000 B. 500 C. Below 400 D. Below 200 D. Below 200 Which disease is considered eradicated? A. Smallpox B. Typhoid Fever C. Plague D. Polio A. Smallpox You teach a community disaster preparedness class on how to find shelter during and after a disaster situation. This class is an example of what level of prevention? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Prepared A. Primary At a disaster site, the nurses uses SMART triage system. What color triage tag would be provided to an ambulatory individual with a superficial cut on the left elbow and bruise to the right hand? A. Black B. Red C. Green D. Yellow C. Green Which of the following is the purpose of the staging area in a disaster plan? A. To establish a triage area outside the hospital, supplying first aid and transport to medical facilities B. To set a stage for entertainment to cheer up disaster victims C. To provide a sheltered area for displaced victims to sleep, eat, and bathe D. To act as an onsite command station for disaster responders to report to and get assignments D. To act as an onsite command station for disaster responders to report to and get assignments Which responsibilities for disaster preparedness in the United States are functions of the American Red Cross (ARC) as opposed to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)? Select all that apply. A. Handle inquiries from families B. Provide monetary relief C. Identify and train personnel D. Provide crisis counseling E. Deploy National Guard troops F. Issue presidential declarations A. Handle inquiries from families C. Identify and train personnel D. Provide crisis counseling The community health nurse is preparing to teach "personal and family preparedness for disasters" to parents of school-age children. Identify the most appropriate items needed in the event of a disaster that should be included in the teaching. A. Flashlight B. Supply of batteries C. Battery-operated radio D. Extra pair of eyeglasses E. Three-week supply of nonperishable food F. Three-week supply of water (1 gallon per person per day) A. Flashlight B. Supply of batteries C. Battery-operated radio D. Extra pair of eyeglasses Which of the following is an important risk factor for opioid overdose? A. Use of Long-acting opioid formulations B. Combinations with other sedatives C. Resumption of opioid use after recent withdrawal or abstinence D. all of the above D. all of the above When using motivational interviewing with a patient, the nurse should first: A. Have the patient come up with solutions B. Get the patient to commit to a positive outcome C. Establish rapport with the patient D. Point out the patient's underlying problems C. Establish rapport with the patient Which of the following factors can increase the stigmatization of patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD)? A. Advising all patients on the risks of long acting opioids B. Strongly advising patients who have developed an OUD to quit and explain the risks of continued use C. Using terms such as "getting clean", "abuser", and "addict" to describe patients and OUD D. Using the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program to identify patients with potential dependence or OUD C. Using terms such as "getting clean", "abuser", and "addict" to describe patients and OUD In the last two years, which drug has been most involved with accidental overdose deaths in Rhode Island? A. Lorazepam B. Fentanyl C. Heroin D. Suboxone B. Fentanyl True or False: Medical conditions, such as renal dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, and HIV/AIDS increase a patient's risk for overdose. True Which population is the most vulnerable to the health effects of exposure to environmental hazards? A. Working adults B. Asian immigrants C. Infants and children D. Refugees from Sierra Leone C. Infants and children Which of the following environmental stressors directly assaults human health? A. Global warming B. Air pollution C. Noise D. Litter B. Air pollution The community health nurse has finished conducting an educational session on lead exposure with parents after their child's lead level has come back elevated. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further education? A. I will have my children wash their hands after playing outside in the dirt. B. It is safe to plant a garden as long as it is alongside the house. C. Our family pets that lay in the windowsills can carry lead dust on their coats. D. Ceramics from other countries can contain lead and I should avoid serving food on them. B. It is safe to plant a garden as long as it is alongside the house. The movie, Unnatural Causes, we watched earlier in the semester addressed several examples of health disparities. Which answers below could most broadly impact the circumstances and health disparities seen in the movie? A. social capital B. water quality C. waste management D. environmental justice A. social capital D. environmental justice Hazardous waste sites designated by the EPA as a risk to human health that receive federal funding for site remediation are known as A. Superfund sites. B. Sick buildings. C. Biosolids. D. Hazard containment areas. A. Superfund sites. An employee at a construction company was injured when a piece of equipment fell on his foot. The occupational health nurse is following up with him to make sure his assignment to light duty is going well and he is progressing with physical therapy. They discuss the plan to return to full duty when cleared by physical therapy and the occupational health doctor. What level of prevention is this type of nursing work? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention C. Tertiary prevention The occupational health nurse at an innovative computer company has had several employees complain of lower back pain after their old desks and chairs were replaced with standing desks. Which should the nurse do next? A. Meet with managers to discuss bringing back the old desks. B. Report the employee complaints to the CEO. C. Tell the employees the back pain is temporary and not to worry about it. D. Visit the employee at a workstation and to assess their positioning. D. Visit the employee at a workstation and to assess their positioning. True or False: The occupational health nurse is responsible for educating the employee regarding benefits under the Workers' Compensation Act. True An employee spills a chemical all over his torso, saturating his clothes and making contact with a large area of skin. The employee is alert and talking, with no airway or breathing issues. Which would be the priority action for the occupational health nurse? A. Call 911. B. Have the employee get in the shower. C. Pour milk on the skin to neutralize the chemical. D. Consult the Safety Data Sheet for the chemical. D. Consult the Safety Data Sheet for the chemical. Which act requires that employers furnish a place of employment free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees? A. Workers' Compensation Act B. Occupational Safety and Health Act C. Rehabilitation Act D. Americans with Disabilities Act B. Occupational Safety and Health Act What is a major focus of UNICEF in international public health? A. Infectious disease B. Chronic disease C. Malnutrition D. Pollution C. Malnutrition Historically, as urbanization, industrialization, and education has increased in countries, chronic and non-infectious disease has A. Increased B. Decreased C. No associated trends D. Remained the same A. Increased The type of malnutrition that results in under-nutrition and low weight-for-height is known as A. wasting B. underweight C. stunting D. micronutrient deficient A. wasting What are the three types of sexual assessment that could be assessed, but are difficult to measure? A. Outward appearance, Sexual pleasure, behavior B. Sexual interest, thoughts, desires C. Gender, behavior, self-identity D. Sexual desire, behavior, self-identity D. Sexual desire, behavior, self-identity To assess an older adult and his relationships, it may be helpful to ask, A. "Who do you live with?" or "Have you always lived alone?" B. "Do you prefer men, women, or both?" C. "Are you married?" D. "Are you queer?" A. "Who do you live with?" or "Have you always lived alone?" True or False: Inmates in correctional facilities, "age faster," demonstrating the physical health of individuals 10-15 years older in the community. True Prioritize the following nursing interventions for a newly incarcerated individual: 1. manage a chronic illness 2. administer a routine medication as ordered 3. complete a history and physical 4. test for HIV and tuberculosis A. 4, 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 1, 4, 2 C. 1, 2, 3, 4 D. 3, 4, 2, 1 D. 3, 4, 2, 1 Which of the following is a goal of the WHO? A. To increase per capita income worldwide B. Attainment of the highest level of health for all C. Eradication of all communicable diseases worldwide D. Provision of the latest technologic developments worldwide B. Attainment of the highest level of health for all Health issues reported by Migrant/seasonal farm workers include: A. Urinary tract infections B. Musculoskeletal disorders C. Exposure to carcinogenic agents D. All of the above D. All of the above The UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals to transform our world were developed to build on the progress from A. Unicef's malarial campaign B. Healthy people 2020 C. the Gates Foundation's objectives D. the Millennium Development Goals D. the Millennium Development Goals If an outbreak of variola virus is suspected, which resource provides current information to the nurse about practice guidelines? A. The American Red Cross (ARC) B. A community health textbook C. The local health department D. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) D. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Supportive care is recommended as part of the treatment protocol for smallpox. Which supportive care intervention by the nurse has the highest priority? a. Administer morphine for pain B. Initiate intravenous fluids C. Manage the client's airway D. Implement measures to control fever C. Manage the client's airway The nurse should be prepared to recognize that which organism(s) might be used as a potential biological weapon? (Select all that apply.) A. Anthrax B. Botulism C. Radiation D. Plague E. Cyanide F. Smallpox A. Anthrax B. Botulism D. Plague F. Smallpox Which biological agent is at highest risk for person to person transmission? A. Botulism B. Inhalation anthrax C. Pneumonic plague D. Gastrointestinal anthrax C. Pneumonic plague Nurses should recognize which scenario has the potential for the most widespread damage in the United States? A. The nation's largest red meat supplier is contaminated with botulinum toxin (Botulism) B. Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) is disseminated through the air vents at a large public high school C. Zoo workers are exposed to F. tularensis (Tularemia) after handling infected animal carcasses at a major metropolitan zoo D. Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) is added to New York's drinking water system prior to the purification process A. The nation's largest red meat supplier is contaminated with botulinum toxin (Botulism) A male federal worker receives a letter stating he has been exposed to yersinia pestis (Pneumonic plague) and drives himself to the hospital. WHich action should the emergency department (ED) nurse take first? A. Initiate IV therapy B. Assess respiratory status C. Take vital signs D. Apply gown, gloves and mask D. Apply gown, gloves and mask Which event should alert the nurse to the possibility of a bioterrorism related outbreak? A. An endemic curve that rises over a time period of several years B. Higher attack rates among people who have been indoors C. A rapidly increasing disease incidence among a normally healthy population D. Clients with flu like symptoms that arrive from a variety of locations C. A rapidly increase disease incidence among a normally healthy population After collaborating with the nurse, the primary health care provider reviews the charts of the two clients with similar symptoms and suspects a possible link that could associated with a biological agent. Which action should the nurse take first? A. Notify the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) B. Inform the other clients in the ER that they may have been exposed to an infectious agent C. Place a call to local law enforcement authorities for an investigation D. Place the client in an isolation room and institute airborne and contact precautions D. Place the client in an isolation room and institute airborne and contact precautions