BIOL 1441 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
1) The breakdown of ATP is ______ and can provide energy for a coupled
____________ reaction. -- Answer ✔✔ Exergonic, Endergonic
2) Phosphorylated molecules tend to be _______ stable and _______ likely to
react. -- Answer ✔✔ less, more
3) ATP is generated by an ___________ reaction -- Answer ✔✔ endergonic
4) ATP is generated by the _____ of ADP -- Answer ✔✔ phosphorylation
5) The energy required for the synthesis of ATP can come from: -- Answer ✔✔ -a
coupled exergonic reaction (substrate-level phosphorylation)
- A process called chemiosmosis, which requires the enzyme ATP synthase
6) 90% of ATP is produced by __________ -- Answer ✔✔ chemiosmosis
,7) The metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration (3 stages) -- Answer ✔✔
- glycolysis
- Oxidation of pyruvate and citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
8) Glycolysis includes ___ enzymatic reactions -- Answer ✔✔ 10
9) Glycolysis occurs where? Is O2 required? -- Answer ✔✔ In the cytoplasm, O2 is
not required
10) Inputs of Glycolysis -- Answer ✔✔ 1 glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP
11) Outputs of Glycolysis -- Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 ADP
12) -kinase -- Answer ✔✔ An enzyme that transfers phosphate ions from one
molecule to another (enzyme phosphorylation)
13) Glucose is phosphorylated _____ before it is split into two three-carbon
molecules called _________ -- Answer ✔✔ twice, glycerldehyde-3-phosphate
14) The first half of glycolysis involves ___ enzymes and uses ___ ATP molecules --
Answer ✔✔ 5, 2
15) The second half of glycolysis involves _____________ without ATP investment
and produces two ______ and four ____ molecules to generate two _______
molecules -- Answer ✔✔ phosphorylation, NADH, ATP, Pyruvate
,16) If O2 is present, the 2 pyruvate molecules enter mitochondria where each is
converted to _________ _______ before entering the _______ _______
cycle (CAC) -- Answer ✔✔ Acetyl coa, Citric Acid
17) In the oxidation of pyruvate: -- Answer ✔✔ - CO2 released
- It is oxidized, transferring e- to NAH+
- Coenzyme A is attached
18) Inputs of oxidation of pyruvate -- Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 coenzyme
A
19) Outputs of oxidation of pyruvate -- Answer ✔✔ 2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl coa
20) Where does the citric acid cycle occur? -- Answer ✔✔ mitochondrial matrix
21) Step 1 of Citric Acid Cycle -- Answer ✔✔ Acetyl group from Acetyl coa is
transferred to oxaloacetate to form citrate.
22) When citrate is oxidized... -- Answer ✔✔ 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are made
23) In the citric acid cycle, what is released and what is produced? -- Answer ✔✔ 2
CO2 is released and 1 GTP or ATP is produced
24) Oxaloacetate -- Answer ✔✔ The final product of the citric acid cycle, which
becomes the substrate for the first reaction in this pathway
25) Glucose if fully oxidized at the end of what cycle? -- Answer ✔✔ The Citric Acid
Cycle
, 26) Outputs (per glucose) -- Answer ✔✔ 4 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from CAC)
6 CO2 (2 from oxidation of pyruvate, 4 from CAC)
10 NADH (2 from glycolysis, 2 fro oxidation of pyruvate, 6 from CAC)
2 FADH2 (from CAC
27) Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during the last
pathway, called ______________ __________. -- Answer ✔✔ oxidative
phosphorylation
28) What pathway is the only one where O2 is an input? -- Answer ✔✔ Oxidative
Phosphorylation
29) What provides the energy to power chemiosmosis? -- Answer ✔✔ H+
concentration gradient created by the electron transport chain (ETC)
30) In the ETC (electron transport chain).... -- Answer ✔✔ Protons (H+) are
pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and O2 is
reduced to form H20
31) Each component of the ETC is ____ electronegative than the previous --
Answer ✔✔ more
32) E- from NADH are transferred to.... -- Answer ✔✔ complex I of ETC
33) E- from FADH2 enter the ETC at -- Answer ✔✔ complex II
34) Chemiosmosis uses __________ energy from protons falling down their
gradient to form ATP from ADP + Pi -- Answer ✔✔ kinetic
CORRECT ANSWERS
1) The breakdown of ATP is ______ and can provide energy for a coupled
____________ reaction. -- Answer ✔✔ Exergonic, Endergonic
2) Phosphorylated molecules tend to be _______ stable and _______ likely to
react. -- Answer ✔✔ less, more
3) ATP is generated by an ___________ reaction -- Answer ✔✔ endergonic
4) ATP is generated by the _____ of ADP -- Answer ✔✔ phosphorylation
5) The energy required for the synthesis of ATP can come from: -- Answer ✔✔ -a
coupled exergonic reaction (substrate-level phosphorylation)
- A process called chemiosmosis, which requires the enzyme ATP synthase
6) 90% of ATP is produced by __________ -- Answer ✔✔ chemiosmosis
,7) The metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration (3 stages) -- Answer ✔✔
- glycolysis
- Oxidation of pyruvate and citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
8) Glycolysis includes ___ enzymatic reactions -- Answer ✔✔ 10
9) Glycolysis occurs where? Is O2 required? -- Answer ✔✔ In the cytoplasm, O2 is
not required
10) Inputs of Glycolysis -- Answer ✔✔ 1 glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP
11) Outputs of Glycolysis -- Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 ADP
12) -kinase -- Answer ✔✔ An enzyme that transfers phosphate ions from one
molecule to another (enzyme phosphorylation)
13) Glucose is phosphorylated _____ before it is split into two three-carbon
molecules called _________ -- Answer ✔✔ twice, glycerldehyde-3-phosphate
14) The first half of glycolysis involves ___ enzymes and uses ___ ATP molecules --
Answer ✔✔ 5, 2
15) The second half of glycolysis involves _____________ without ATP investment
and produces two ______ and four ____ molecules to generate two _______
molecules -- Answer ✔✔ phosphorylation, NADH, ATP, Pyruvate
,16) If O2 is present, the 2 pyruvate molecules enter mitochondria where each is
converted to _________ _______ before entering the _______ _______
cycle (CAC) -- Answer ✔✔ Acetyl coa, Citric Acid
17) In the oxidation of pyruvate: -- Answer ✔✔ - CO2 released
- It is oxidized, transferring e- to NAH+
- Coenzyme A is attached
18) Inputs of oxidation of pyruvate -- Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 coenzyme
A
19) Outputs of oxidation of pyruvate -- Answer ✔✔ 2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl coa
20) Where does the citric acid cycle occur? -- Answer ✔✔ mitochondrial matrix
21) Step 1 of Citric Acid Cycle -- Answer ✔✔ Acetyl group from Acetyl coa is
transferred to oxaloacetate to form citrate.
22) When citrate is oxidized... -- Answer ✔✔ 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are made
23) In the citric acid cycle, what is released and what is produced? -- Answer ✔✔ 2
CO2 is released and 1 GTP or ATP is produced
24) Oxaloacetate -- Answer ✔✔ The final product of the citric acid cycle, which
becomes the substrate for the first reaction in this pathway
25) Glucose if fully oxidized at the end of what cycle? -- Answer ✔✔ The Citric Acid
Cycle
, 26) Outputs (per glucose) -- Answer ✔✔ 4 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from CAC)
6 CO2 (2 from oxidation of pyruvate, 4 from CAC)
10 NADH (2 from glycolysis, 2 fro oxidation of pyruvate, 6 from CAC)
2 FADH2 (from CAC
27) Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during the last
pathway, called ______________ __________. -- Answer ✔✔ oxidative
phosphorylation
28) What pathway is the only one where O2 is an input? -- Answer ✔✔ Oxidative
Phosphorylation
29) What provides the energy to power chemiosmosis? -- Answer ✔✔ H+
concentration gradient created by the electron transport chain (ETC)
30) In the ETC (electron transport chain).... -- Answer ✔✔ Protons (H+) are
pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and O2 is
reduced to form H20
31) Each component of the ETC is ____ electronegative than the previous --
Answer ✔✔ more
32) E- from NADH are transferred to.... -- Answer ✔✔ complex I of ETC
33) E- from FADH2 enter the ETC at -- Answer ✔✔ complex II
34) Chemiosmosis uses __________ energy from protons falling down their
gradient to form ATP from ADP + Pi -- Answer ✔✔ kinetic
