Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins and Insertions of Muscles
(STUDY GUIDE)
Gastrocnemius
A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus
A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior
A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior
A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3
cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus
,A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension.
Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris
A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus
A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis
A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius
A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
, Extensor Hallucis Longus
A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and
inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus
A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of bases
of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
(STUDY GUIDE)
Gastrocnemius
A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus
A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior
A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior
A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3
cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus
,A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension.
Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris
A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus
A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis
A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius
A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
, Extensor Hallucis Longus
A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and
inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus
A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of bases
of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
