ADVANCED MED SURG PRINCIPLES
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ Ch 13: What do you prepare in the setting of hypernatremia?
Answer: depending on the serum osmolarity infuse:
- hypotonic IV fluids (.45%)
- isotonic IV fluids (0.9%)
◉ Ch 13: What is a decrease in serum sodium level (hyponatremia)
followed by?
Answer: - a decrease in serum osmolality (<270 mOsm/L)
◉ Ch 13: What is an increase in serum sodium level (hypernatremia)
followed by?
Answer: - an increase in serum osmolality (>300 mOsm/L)
◉ Ch 13: What does hypokalemia result from?
Answer: - loss of potassium from the kidneys
- burns
- shifted into the cell
,◉ Ch 13: What is cardiac arrest a complication of?
Answer: - potassium imbalances
◉ Ch 13: What do you check prior to administering potassium?
Answer: - renal function
◉ Ch 13: What foods would you educate a pt on that are high in
potassium?
Answer: - avocados
- bananas
- cantaloupe
- broccoli
- dried fruit
◉ Ch 13: What do you NEVER administer as an IV push?
Answer: - potassium
◉ Ch 13: What do you reduce hyperkalemia with?
Answer: - insulin
- sodium bicarb
- kayexalate
- diuretics
,◉ Ch 13: What are two classic signs of hypocalcemia?
Answer: - Chostek's sign ("C" for cheek)
- Trousseau's sign (happens when inflating a BP cuff)
◉ Ch 13: What are three main causes of hypocalcemia?
Answer: 1 - end-stage renal disease
2 - malabsorption
3 - post thyroidectomy
◉ Ch 13: What is a oncologic emergency? What is it marked by?
Answer: - hypercalcemia
is marked by:
- progressive change in LOC
- hyporeflexia (muscles don't respond to stimuli)
- ileus (a painful obstruction of the ileum/intestine)
- constipation
- polyuria 9abnormally large volumes of dilute urine)
- polydipsia (abnormally great thirst)
◉ Ch 13: What do you assess with hypermagnesemia or when
administering mag sulfate?
, Answer: - DTR (deep tendon reflexes)
- RR (respiratory rate)
◉ Ch 13: Replacing fluid loss from profuse diaphoresis without
providing electrolytes could lead to?
Answer: - complications R/T overhydration (hyponatremia)
◉ Ch 13: What can IV calcium administration cause?
Answer: - cardiac arrest
◉ Ch 13: What foods would you educate the pt on that are high in
calcium and mag?
Answer: - dairy products
- dark green leafy veggies
◉ Ch 13: What med promotes fluid reabsorption by the kidneys?
Answer: - vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
◉ Ch 13: What is the primary determinant of whether urine is dilute
or concentrated?
Answer: - antidiuretic hormone
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ Ch 13: What do you prepare in the setting of hypernatremia?
Answer: depending on the serum osmolarity infuse:
- hypotonic IV fluids (.45%)
- isotonic IV fluids (0.9%)
◉ Ch 13: What is a decrease in serum sodium level (hyponatremia)
followed by?
Answer: - a decrease in serum osmolality (<270 mOsm/L)
◉ Ch 13: What is an increase in serum sodium level (hypernatremia)
followed by?
Answer: - an increase in serum osmolality (>300 mOsm/L)
◉ Ch 13: What does hypokalemia result from?
Answer: - loss of potassium from the kidneys
- burns
- shifted into the cell
,◉ Ch 13: What is cardiac arrest a complication of?
Answer: - potassium imbalances
◉ Ch 13: What do you check prior to administering potassium?
Answer: - renal function
◉ Ch 13: What foods would you educate a pt on that are high in
potassium?
Answer: - avocados
- bananas
- cantaloupe
- broccoli
- dried fruit
◉ Ch 13: What do you NEVER administer as an IV push?
Answer: - potassium
◉ Ch 13: What do you reduce hyperkalemia with?
Answer: - insulin
- sodium bicarb
- kayexalate
- diuretics
,◉ Ch 13: What are two classic signs of hypocalcemia?
Answer: - Chostek's sign ("C" for cheek)
- Trousseau's sign (happens when inflating a BP cuff)
◉ Ch 13: What are three main causes of hypocalcemia?
Answer: 1 - end-stage renal disease
2 - malabsorption
3 - post thyroidectomy
◉ Ch 13: What is a oncologic emergency? What is it marked by?
Answer: - hypercalcemia
is marked by:
- progressive change in LOC
- hyporeflexia (muscles don't respond to stimuli)
- ileus (a painful obstruction of the ileum/intestine)
- constipation
- polyuria 9abnormally large volumes of dilute urine)
- polydipsia (abnormally great thirst)
◉ Ch 13: What do you assess with hypermagnesemia or when
administering mag sulfate?
, Answer: - DTR (deep tendon reflexes)
- RR (respiratory rate)
◉ Ch 13: Replacing fluid loss from profuse diaphoresis without
providing electrolytes could lead to?
Answer: - complications R/T overhydration (hyponatremia)
◉ Ch 13: What can IV calcium administration cause?
Answer: - cardiac arrest
◉ Ch 13: What foods would you educate the pt on that are high in
calcium and mag?
Answer: - dairy products
- dark green leafy veggies
◉ Ch 13: What med promotes fluid reabsorption by the kidneys?
Answer: - vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
◉ Ch 13: What is the primary determinant of whether urine is dilute
or concentrated?
Answer: - antidiuretic hormone
