ADVANCED MED SURG PRINCIPLES
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ What can increase serum osmolarity? (>300)
Answer: dehydration, an elevated BUN, protein level or
hyperglycemia
◉ The R-A-A cascade (renin, angiotensin & aldosterone) is triggered
by a decrease in renal perfusion which results in:
Answer: an increase in blood volume & pressure (increased in
perfusion)
◉ Dehydration & hypovolemia create:
Answer: hemoconcentration
◉ Hemoconcentration is evidenced by an increase in:
Answer: hemoglobin & hematocrit
◉ Urine specific gravity & serum sodium both increase in the setting
of:
Answer: dehydration
, ◉ Clinical manifestation of dehydration could include:
Answer: hyperthermia, orthostatic hypotension, a drop in central
venous pressure, confusion, weakness, thirst, weight loss, oliguria,
sunken eyeballs, tachycardia & a thready pulse
◉ Patients with hypervolemia could present w/:
Answer: hypertension, tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, crackles,
edema & distended neck veins
◉ A loss of 25% of the intravascular volume could lead to:
Answer: shock
◉ Edema could result from an increase in:
Answer: hydrostatic pressure or a decrease in oncotic pressure
◉ Potassium sparing diuretics should NEVER be used in the
presence of:
Answer: renal injury
◉ Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist & can be given to:
Answer: relax smooth muscle
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ What can increase serum osmolarity? (>300)
Answer: dehydration, an elevated BUN, protein level or
hyperglycemia
◉ The R-A-A cascade (renin, angiotensin & aldosterone) is triggered
by a decrease in renal perfusion which results in:
Answer: an increase in blood volume & pressure (increased in
perfusion)
◉ Dehydration & hypovolemia create:
Answer: hemoconcentration
◉ Hemoconcentration is evidenced by an increase in:
Answer: hemoglobin & hematocrit
◉ Urine specific gravity & serum sodium both increase in the setting
of:
Answer: dehydration
, ◉ Clinical manifestation of dehydration could include:
Answer: hyperthermia, orthostatic hypotension, a drop in central
venous pressure, confusion, weakness, thirst, weight loss, oliguria,
sunken eyeballs, tachycardia & a thready pulse
◉ Patients with hypervolemia could present w/:
Answer: hypertension, tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, crackles,
edema & distended neck veins
◉ A loss of 25% of the intravascular volume could lead to:
Answer: shock
◉ Edema could result from an increase in:
Answer: hydrostatic pressure or a decrease in oncotic pressure
◉ Potassium sparing diuretics should NEVER be used in the
presence of:
Answer: renal injury
◉ Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist & can be given to:
Answer: relax smooth muscle
