ADVANCED MED SURG PRINCIPLES
CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular
function?
Answer: - potassium
◉ Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation?
Answer: - calcium
◉ Ch 13: What affects threshold potential?
Answer: - calcium
◉ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come?
Answer: - hypercalcemia
◉ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany?
Answer: - hypocalcemia
,◉ Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects
neuromuscular function and produces vasodilation?
Answer: - magnesium
◉ Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes
cells less irritable which could result in an ileus?
Answer: - hypokalemia
◉ Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness,
and EKG changes (such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves,
prolonged PR interval and QRS duration)?
Answer: - hyperkalemia
◉ Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted
T waves and ST depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus,
tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and
ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves?
Answer: - hypokalemia
◉ Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with?
Answer: - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
,- tachycardia
- HTN
◉ Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia?
Answer: - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
◉ Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)?
Answer: - tetany
◉ Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?
Answer: - constant headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
, - abdominal cramps
◉ Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane?
Answer: - hyponatremia
◉ Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular
compartment?
Answer: - hyponatremia
◉ Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning),
renal (diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and
integumentary systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)?
Answer: - sodium
◉ Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia?
Answer: - there is a reduction in intravascular volume so BP
decreases
◉ Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with
fluid overload?
Answer: - restrict fluids
◉ Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia?
CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular
function?
Answer: - potassium
◉ Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation?
Answer: - calcium
◉ Ch 13: What affects threshold potential?
Answer: - calcium
◉ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come?
Answer: - hypercalcemia
◉ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany?
Answer: - hypocalcemia
,◉ Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects
neuromuscular function and produces vasodilation?
Answer: - magnesium
◉ Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes
cells less irritable which could result in an ileus?
Answer: - hypokalemia
◉ Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness,
and EKG changes (such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves,
prolonged PR interval and QRS duration)?
Answer: - hyperkalemia
◉ Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted
T waves and ST depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus,
tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and
ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves?
Answer: - hypokalemia
◉ Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with?
Answer: - thirst
- dry muscous membranes
- lethargy
- restlessness
,- tachycardia
- HTN
◉ Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia?
Answer: - tetany (a classic sign)
- muscle twitching
- bronchospasms
- laryngeal spasms
- seizures
- hyperirritability
◉ Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)?
Answer: - tetany
◉ Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?
Answer: - constant headaches
- seizures
- lethargy
- tachycardia
- decreased BP
- thready pulse
- hyperactive bowel sounds
, - abdominal cramps
◉ Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane?
Answer: - hyponatremia
◉ Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular
compartment?
Answer: - hyponatremia
◉ Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning),
renal (diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and
integumentary systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)?
Answer: - sodium
◉ Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia?
Answer: - there is a reduction in intravascular volume so BP
decreases
◉ Ch 13: What should you do in the setting of hyponatremia with
fluid overload?
Answer: - restrict fluids
◉ Ch 13: What do you monitor in the setting of hyponatremia?
