ADVANCED MED SURG PRINCIPLES FINAL
PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE DETAILED ANSWERS
READY
◉ Ch 40: How do you properly clean/perfom pin care for a pt?
Answer: clean with a circular motion from the inner to the outer
region and cleaning each site separately
◉ Ch 40: What is used to help reduce complication related to pain?
Answer: PCA (pt controlled analgesia)
◉ Ch 40: What can occur following some fractures due to the loss of
blood to the bone so pts must be closely monitored for increased
pain and a decrease in mobility?
Answer: avascular necrosis
◉ Ch 40: What are three complications that can arise following
fractures?
Answer: - hypovolemic shock (hemorrhage)
- fat embolism (in long bones)
- compartment syndrome
,◉ Ch 40: How do you prevent hip dislocation following a total hip
arthroplasty?
Answer: - abducting the legs
- prevent internal rotation of the legs
- turn to the unaffected side while maintaining abduction
- avoid flexing the hip more than 90 degrees
- keep legs in a neutral position
- keep the HOB < 60 degress
- avoid crossing the legs
◉ Ch 40: What instructions do you give a pt following a total hip
arthroplasty to do to prevent dislocation for a minimum of 4 mos?
Answer: - use a raised toilet seat
- avoid crossing the legs
- no bending at the waist
- sit with hips higher than the knees
◉ Ch 40: What are signs of hip dislocation?
Answer: - limb shortening
- acute groin pain
- external or internal rotation
- limb deformity
,- crepitus (cracking or grating sound)
- reduced mobility
◉ Ch 40: What will help reduce pain by limiting fluid accumulation
and hematoma?
Answer: surgical drains
◉ Ch 40: What would you instruct a pt to do to help prevent disuse
from immobilzation?
Answer: isometric exercises (squats, planking, calf raises, etc)
◉ Ch 40: What two complicants can pressure on the back or side of
the knee increase the risk for in a pt?
Answer: - peroneal nerve damage
- foot drop
◉ Ch 40: What should you do if a pt has footdrop?
Answer: a neurovascular assessment (this is a priority)
◉ Ch 40: What complications can immobility increae the risk for?
Answer: - pneumonia
- decubiti (pressure-induced ulcer)
, - constipation
- DVT
◉ Ch 40: What helps to prevent movement following a total knee
arthroplasty?
Answer: continuous passive motion devices (the rate, joint
extension, and flexion are ordered by the surgeon)
◉ Ch 40:
Answer:
◉ Ch 40: How do you prevent flexion contractures to the knee?
Answer: - avoid pillows behind the knee
- not using the knee gatch on the bed
◉ Ch 40: What helps to maintain bone alignment and to decrease
pain from muscle spasms?
Answer: traction
◉ Ch 40: What pt care do you perform for a pt in traction?
Answer: - ensuring that traction is continuous and interrupted
- weights hang freely
PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE DETAILED ANSWERS
READY
◉ Ch 40: How do you properly clean/perfom pin care for a pt?
Answer: clean with a circular motion from the inner to the outer
region and cleaning each site separately
◉ Ch 40: What is used to help reduce complication related to pain?
Answer: PCA (pt controlled analgesia)
◉ Ch 40: What can occur following some fractures due to the loss of
blood to the bone so pts must be closely monitored for increased
pain and a decrease in mobility?
Answer: avascular necrosis
◉ Ch 40: What are three complications that can arise following
fractures?
Answer: - hypovolemic shock (hemorrhage)
- fat embolism (in long bones)
- compartment syndrome
,◉ Ch 40: How do you prevent hip dislocation following a total hip
arthroplasty?
Answer: - abducting the legs
- prevent internal rotation of the legs
- turn to the unaffected side while maintaining abduction
- avoid flexing the hip more than 90 degrees
- keep legs in a neutral position
- keep the HOB < 60 degress
- avoid crossing the legs
◉ Ch 40: What instructions do you give a pt following a total hip
arthroplasty to do to prevent dislocation for a minimum of 4 mos?
Answer: - use a raised toilet seat
- avoid crossing the legs
- no bending at the waist
- sit with hips higher than the knees
◉ Ch 40: What are signs of hip dislocation?
Answer: - limb shortening
- acute groin pain
- external or internal rotation
- limb deformity
,- crepitus (cracking or grating sound)
- reduced mobility
◉ Ch 40: What will help reduce pain by limiting fluid accumulation
and hematoma?
Answer: surgical drains
◉ Ch 40: What would you instruct a pt to do to help prevent disuse
from immobilzation?
Answer: isometric exercises (squats, planking, calf raises, etc)
◉ Ch 40: What two complicants can pressure on the back or side of
the knee increase the risk for in a pt?
Answer: - peroneal nerve damage
- foot drop
◉ Ch 40: What should you do if a pt has footdrop?
Answer: a neurovascular assessment (this is a priority)
◉ Ch 40: What complications can immobility increae the risk for?
Answer: - pneumonia
- decubiti (pressure-induced ulcer)
, - constipation
- DVT
◉ Ch 40: What helps to prevent movement following a total knee
arthroplasty?
Answer: continuous passive motion devices (the rate, joint
extension, and flexion are ordered by the surgeon)
◉ Ch 40:
Answer:
◉ Ch 40: How do you prevent flexion contractures to the knee?
Answer: - avoid pillows behind the knee
- not using the knee gatch on the bed
◉ Ch 40: What helps to maintain bone alignment and to decrease
pain from muscle spasms?
Answer: traction
◉ Ch 40: What pt care do you perform for a pt in traction?
Answer: - ensuring that traction is continuous and interrupted
- weights hang freely
