Nurs5461 Final Exam with Questions and Smart Answers – 100% Solved
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ✔✔✔-up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis - ✔✔✔-a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the
trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - ✔✔✔-• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Anticholinergics such as tiotropium can help do what? - ✔✔✔-Bronchodilation by reducing
parasympathetic nerve reflexes that cause a reduced airway. MUSCARINIC receptor binding and
inhibits acetylcholine
aortic regurgitation pathophysiology - ✔✔✔-Aortic Valve Does Not Close
Left Ventricle's Volume Increases
Left Ventricle Dilates
Left Ventricle Fails
Decreased Cardiac Output
Pulmonary Edema
Aortic Stenosis Pathophysiology - ✔✔✔-Defined as transaortic gradient > 40mmHg or an aortic
valve area of <1cm2
-The aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs left ventricular outflow during systole.
-Increased resistance to ejection or afterload results in ventricular hypertrophy.
, Nurs5461 Final Exam with Questions and Smart Answers – 100% Solved
-As worsens, cardiac output becomes fixed and cannot increase to meet the demands of the
body during exertion. Symptoms then develop.
-Eventually the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the left atrium, and the pulmonary system
becomes congested. Right-sided HF can occur late in the disease
Assessment of Asthma - ✔✔✔-Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
What are the patient's attitudes and goals for their asthma?
Comorbidities
Think of rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, anxiety
These may contribute to symptoms and poor quality of life
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - ✔✔✔-Symptoms are associated with variable expiratory
airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Bipolar disorder - ✔✔✔-A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Diagnosis of bipolar disorder made when at least one hypomanic episode or at least one manic
episode have occurred—ever
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ✔✔✔-up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis - ✔✔✔-a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the
trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - ✔✔✔-• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Anticholinergics such as tiotropium can help do what? - ✔✔✔-Bronchodilation by reducing
parasympathetic nerve reflexes that cause a reduced airway. MUSCARINIC receptor binding and
inhibits acetylcholine
aortic regurgitation pathophysiology - ✔✔✔-Aortic Valve Does Not Close
Left Ventricle's Volume Increases
Left Ventricle Dilates
Left Ventricle Fails
Decreased Cardiac Output
Pulmonary Edema
Aortic Stenosis Pathophysiology - ✔✔✔-Defined as transaortic gradient > 40mmHg or an aortic
valve area of <1cm2
-The aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs left ventricular outflow during systole.
-Increased resistance to ejection or afterload results in ventricular hypertrophy.
, Nurs5461 Final Exam with Questions and Smart Answers – 100% Solved
-As worsens, cardiac output becomes fixed and cannot increase to meet the demands of the
body during exertion. Symptoms then develop.
-Eventually the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the left atrium, and the pulmonary system
becomes congested. Right-sided HF can occur late in the disease
Assessment of Asthma - ✔✔✔-Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
What are the patient's attitudes and goals for their asthma?
Comorbidities
Think of rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, anxiety
These may contribute to symptoms and poor quality of life
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - ✔✔✔-Symptoms are associated with variable expiratory
airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Bipolar disorder - ✔✔✔-A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Diagnosis of bipolar disorder made when at least one hypomanic episode or at least one manic
episode have occurred—ever
