Pathophysiology – Chapter Eighteen Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a contrecoup injury to which region of the
brain?
a- Frontal
b- Temporal
c- Parietal
d- Occipital - ✔✔✔-a- Frontal
The focal injury produces a contrecoup (on the pole opposite the site of impact) injury. The
frontal portion of the brain is opposite of the site of impact. Objects striking the back of the
head usually result in both coup and contrecoup injuries because of the irregularity of the inner
surface of the frontal bones. A contrecoup injury is not nearly as likely when other portions of
the brain are affected.
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?
a- Frontal
b- Temporal
c- Parietal
d- Occipital - ✔✔✔-a- Frontal
,Pathophysiology – Chapter Eighteen Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
Coup injuries occur directly below the point of impact. Objects striking the front of the head
usually produce only coup injuries (contusions and fractures) because the inner skull in the
occipital area is smooth. A coup injury is not nearly as likely when other portions of the brain
are affected.
A herniation of which disk will likely result in motor and sensory changes of the lateral lower
legs and soles of the feet?
a- L2-L3
b- L3-L5
c- L5-S1
d- S2-S3 - ✔✔✔-c- L5-S1
Clinical manifestations of posterolateral protrusions include radicular pain exacerbated by
movement and straining (medial calf suggests L5; lateral calf suggests S1 root compression).
Herniation of any of the other vertebrae will not result in the described symptoms.
A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe
hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely
explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is:
a- Experiencing acute anxiety
b- Developing spinal shock
, Pathophysiology – Chapter Eighteen Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
c- Developing autonomic hyperreflexia
d- Experiencing parasympathetic areflexia - ✔✔✔-c- Developing autonomic hyperreflexia
Autonomic hyperreflexia is the only option that is characterized by paroxysmal hypertension (up
to 300 mm Hg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the
lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia (30 to 40 beats per minute).
A right hemisphere embolic CVA has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of
the left foot and leg. Which cerebral artery is most likely affected by the emboli?
a- Middle cerebral
b- Vertebral
c- Posterior cerebral
d- Anterior cerebral - ✔✔✔-d- Anterior cerebral
Symptoms of an embolic stroke in only the right anterior cerebral artery would include left-
sided contralateral paralysis or paresis (greater in the foot and thigh) and mild upper extremity
weakness with mild contralateral lower extremity sensory deficiency with loss of vibratory
and/or position sense and loss of two-point discrimination.
Atheromatous plaques are most commonly found:
a- In larger veins
Solved
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a contrecoup injury to which region of the
brain?
a- Frontal
b- Temporal
c- Parietal
d- Occipital - ✔✔✔-a- Frontal
The focal injury produces a contrecoup (on the pole opposite the site of impact) injury. The
frontal portion of the brain is opposite of the site of impact. Objects striking the back of the
head usually result in both coup and contrecoup injuries because of the irregularity of the inner
surface of the frontal bones. A contrecoup injury is not nearly as likely when other portions of
the brain are affected.
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?
a- Frontal
b- Temporal
c- Parietal
d- Occipital - ✔✔✔-a- Frontal
,Pathophysiology – Chapter Eighteen Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
Coup injuries occur directly below the point of impact. Objects striking the front of the head
usually produce only coup injuries (contusions and fractures) because the inner skull in the
occipital area is smooth. A coup injury is not nearly as likely when other portions of the brain
are affected.
A herniation of which disk will likely result in motor and sensory changes of the lateral lower
legs and soles of the feet?
a- L2-L3
b- L3-L5
c- L5-S1
d- S2-S3 - ✔✔✔-c- L5-S1
Clinical manifestations of posterolateral protrusions include radicular pain exacerbated by
movement and straining (medial calf suggests L5; lateral calf suggests S1 root compression).
Herniation of any of the other vertebrae will not result in the described symptoms.
A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe
hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely
explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is:
a- Experiencing acute anxiety
b- Developing spinal shock
, Pathophysiology – Chapter Eighteen Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
c- Developing autonomic hyperreflexia
d- Experiencing parasympathetic areflexia - ✔✔✔-c- Developing autonomic hyperreflexia
Autonomic hyperreflexia is the only option that is characterized by paroxysmal hypertension (up
to 300 mm Hg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the
lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia (30 to 40 beats per minute).
A right hemisphere embolic CVA has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of
the left foot and leg. Which cerebral artery is most likely affected by the emboli?
a- Middle cerebral
b- Vertebral
c- Posterior cerebral
d- Anterior cerebral - ✔✔✔-d- Anterior cerebral
Symptoms of an embolic stroke in only the right anterior cerebral artery would include left-
sided contralateral paralysis or paresis (greater in the foot and thigh) and mild upper extremity
weakness with mild contralateral lower extremity sensory deficiency with loss of vibratory
and/or position sense and loss of two-point discrimination.
Atheromatous plaques are most commonly found:
a- In larger veins
