EXAM 3 BIOCHEM LATEST 2026-2027
WITH 185 QUESTIONS AND WELL-
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS | BIOCHEM
ACTUAL EXAM 2026-2027
What do phospholipases do?
hydrolyse glycerophospholipids, lipid degradation, release of signaling molecules ,
split the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together
What is a sphingolipid?
A class of lipids found in membranes that have a C unit as a backbone and have a
fatty acid and a mono/oligosaccharide
,What is a cerebroside?
sphingolipid with a monosaccharide head group
What is a ganglioside?
A sphingolipid carrying a complex sugar head
group
Why do lipids aggregate in water?
hydrophobic effect and van der waals interactions between fatty acid tails
When is a micelle layer formed?
If only single fatty acid tail, the lipids will aggregate and pack in the circle with the
nonpolar tail in the center and the polar head group on the outside. This is to
maximize the entropy of water and VDW interactions
When is a bilayer layer formed?
If has two layers of fatty acids, then the optimal aggregate is bilayer with the polar
head groups on outside of fatty acid tails
Are bilayers symmetrical or asymmetrical?
Asymmetric
,What is transverse diffusion?
Individual phosphoglyceride moves from the outer to inner leaflet very slowly bcs
it requires
polar/charged head group must pass through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer —
thermodynamically very unfavorable.
What is lateral diffusion?
movement of phospholipids within the plane of the membrane, very rapid under
normal physiological conditions (seconds)
Where are glycosphingolipids located in the membrane?
Almost always in the outer leaflet, facing extracellular space
Where are anionic lipids located in the membrane?
Inner leaflet, facing the cytoplasm
What do anionic lipids on the inner leaflet contribute to?
Membrane potential, which is important for solute transport
Is more energy available from the digestion of carbs or lipids, why?
, Lipids don't have oxygen attached to their carbons, so they're fully reduced —
meaning there's way more energy to be released when they get oxidized all the way
to CO₂ compared to carbs which have some O2 so it enters at a higher oxidation
level and less energy is released bcs they don't have to go as far
What does it mean to hydrolyze?
using water to break specific bonds
What is a lipid composed of?
2 fatty acids, glycerol, polar head group
Membranes are made of _____________
glycerophospholipids
fatty acids are cis or trans, why?
cis so double bond creates "kink"
saturated vs unsaturated fats
saturated - have NO double bonds, packed tightly
unsaturated - have double bonds, more fluid
WITH 185 QUESTIONS AND WELL-
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS | BIOCHEM
ACTUAL EXAM 2026-2027
What do phospholipases do?
hydrolyse glycerophospholipids, lipid degradation, release of signaling molecules ,
split the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together
What is a sphingolipid?
A class of lipids found in membranes that have a C unit as a backbone and have a
fatty acid and a mono/oligosaccharide
,What is a cerebroside?
sphingolipid with a monosaccharide head group
What is a ganglioside?
A sphingolipid carrying a complex sugar head
group
Why do lipids aggregate in water?
hydrophobic effect and van der waals interactions between fatty acid tails
When is a micelle layer formed?
If only single fatty acid tail, the lipids will aggregate and pack in the circle with the
nonpolar tail in the center and the polar head group on the outside. This is to
maximize the entropy of water and VDW interactions
When is a bilayer layer formed?
If has two layers of fatty acids, then the optimal aggregate is bilayer with the polar
head groups on outside of fatty acid tails
Are bilayers symmetrical or asymmetrical?
Asymmetric
,What is transverse diffusion?
Individual phosphoglyceride moves from the outer to inner leaflet very slowly bcs
it requires
polar/charged head group must pass through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer —
thermodynamically very unfavorable.
What is lateral diffusion?
movement of phospholipids within the plane of the membrane, very rapid under
normal physiological conditions (seconds)
Where are glycosphingolipids located in the membrane?
Almost always in the outer leaflet, facing extracellular space
Where are anionic lipids located in the membrane?
Inner leaflet, facing the cytoplasm
What do anionic lipids on the inner leaflet contribute to?
Membrane potential, which is important for solute transport
Is more energy available from the digestion of carbs or lipids, why?
, Lipids don't have oxygen attached to their carbons, so they're fully reduced —
meaning there's way more energy to be released when they get oxidized all the way
to CO₂ compared to carbs which have some O2 so it enters at a higher oxidation
level and less energy is released bcs they don't have to go as far
What does it mean to hydrolyze?
using water to break specific bonds
What is a lipid composed of?
2 fatty acids, glycerol, polar head group
Membranes are made of _____________
glycerophospholipids
fatty acids are cis or trans, why?
cis so double bond creates "kink"
saturated vs unsaturated fats
saturated - have NO double bonds, packed tightly
unsaturated - have double bonds, more fluid
