ICVA NAVLE EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived
at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of the
animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline,
and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affect
calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated
tendon sheaths, and stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination
shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium - ANSWERS✔-B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot cattle,
including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this case, the calves
initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness, joint
swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic arthritis, and polyarthritis
that can occur after a histophilus somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle
necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative agent.
,-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
\.What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse - ANSWERS✔--a genetic
disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
\.What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔-THe disorder
is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel gene, leading to increased
potassium levels in the blood. This affects the electrical activity of muscle cells,
causing the muscles to contract abnormally
\.What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses - ANSWERS✔--
muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
\.what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔--high
potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
\.how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔--dietary
modification like feeding low potassium diets and aoiding alfala and monitor
potassium intake
,-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus - ANSWERS✔-D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP due to muscle
weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe weakness, dog sitting
posture strongly supports this
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
, hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Degenerative Myeloneuropathy be
incorrect - ANSWERS✔-EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progresse
ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, particularly those deficient
in vitamin E.
Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with ataxia ( uncoordinated
movement) rather than acute muscle fasciculations or prolapse of the nictitating
membrane. It is a chronic, progressive condition, unlike the episodic nature of
HYPP
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Motor Neuron Disease be incorrect -
ANSWERS✔-EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with vitamin
E deficiency
-EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affecting posture and gait
over time. However it does not typically cause acute episodes of weakness with
fasciculation and prolapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does. EMND is also more
chronic in its progression, not episodic.
COMPLETE WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived
at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of the
animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline,
and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affect
calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated
tendon sheaths, and stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination
shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium - ANSWERS✔-B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot cattle,
including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this case, the calves
initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness, joint
swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic arthritis, and polyarthritis
that can occur after a histophilus somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle
necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative agent.
,-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
\.What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse - ANSWERS✔--a genetic
disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
\.What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔-THe disorder
is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel gene, leading to increased
potassium levels in the blood. This affects the electrical activity of muscle cells,
causing the muscles to contract abnormally
\.What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses - ANSWERS✔--
muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
\.what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔--high
potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
\.how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis - ANSWERS✔--dietary
modification like feeding low potassium diets and aoiding alfala and monitor
potassium intake
,-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus - ANSWERS✔-D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP due to muscle
weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe weakness, dog sitting
posture strongly supports this
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
, hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Degenerative Myeloneuropathy be
incorrect - ANSWERS✔-EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progresse
ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, particularly those deficient
in vitamin E.
Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with ataxia ( uncoordinated
movement) rather than acute muscle fasciculations or prolapse of the nictitating
membrane. It is a chronic, progressive condition, unlike the episodic nature of
HYPP
\.A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Motor Neuron Disease be incorrect -
ANSWERS✔-EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with vitamin
E deficiency
-EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affecting posture and gait
over time. However it does not typically cause acute episodes of weakness with
fasciculation and prolapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does. EMND is also more
chronic in its progression, not episodic.
