NAVLE EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.A two-year-old Angus cow is presented with weakness of the hind limbs and a
staggering gait. On physical exam, the heart rate and respiratory rate are slow and
irregular, and the pupils are dilated. The cow's breath and urine smell like the odor
of mouse urine. Suddenly the cow's pulse becomes rapid and thready, she
collapses, and dies of apparent respiratory failure. Which one of the following
plants is most likely to have caused this spectrum of clinical signs?
A - Pinus ponderosa (Western yellow pine)
B - Veratrum spp (False hellebore, Skunk cabbage)
C - Centaurea spp (Knapweed, Yellow star thistle)
D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock)
E - Tetradymia spp (Horsebrush) - ANSWERS✔-D - Conium maculatum (Poison
hemlock)
\.You are presented a healthy ten-year-old maiden mare for breeding evaluation in
January in North America. On rectal palpation, both ovaries have multiple, small
(less than 15 mm) follicles and no corpus lutea. The uterus is flaccid with no
edema. Which one of the following choices is the most likely explanation of the
findings in this mare?
A - Seasonal anestrus
,B - The mare is in diestrus
C - Estrus has just passed
D - Early pregnancy
E - The mare is too old and now is infertile - ANSWERS✔-A - Seasonal anestrus
\.A five-month-old Yorkshire terrier is presented with ataxia in all four limbs and
neck pain. There is loss of conscious proprioception in all four limbs. A radiograph
of the cervical spine is shown below. Which one of the following choices is the
most likely diagnosis?
A - Atlantoaxial instability
B - Caudal occipital malformation
C - Intervertebral disk disease
D - Discospondylitis
E - Spina bifida - ANSWERS✔-A - Atlantoaxial instability
\.An 11-year-old male, neutered Cavalier King Charles spaniel is presented for an
episode of acute collapse with inability to support himself on the hind limbs and
disorientation. Based on the radiographs and history, which one of the following
tests would be next indicated?
A - Magnetic resonance imaging
B - Edrophonium challenge test
C - Myelography
D - Bronchoscopy
,E - Echocardiography - ANSWERS✔-E - Echocardiography
\.An eight-year-old dog is found recumbent and non-responsive in a horse
pasture. His left pupil is small, the right one is moderately dilated but responds to
light. The right upper eyelid and lip are droopy, hanging lower than normal. Head
trauma is suspected. The mucous membranes are pale pink, capillary refill time is
1-2 seconds.
T= 98.7°F, (37.0°C) [N 100-102.5°F, 37.8-39.2°C]
HR=56 [N 90-160 beats/min]
The respiratory rate and pattern are quite variable. He breathes fast and deep for
5-6 breaths, then more slowly and shallowly, then is apneic for 10 seconds. The
pattern repeats over and over. What is this respiratory pattern?
A - Orthopnea
B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing
C - Apneustic respiration pattern
D - Agonal respiration
E - Kussmaul pattern - ANSWERS✔-B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing
\.A seven-year-old cat is presented with miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and
protruded nictitating membrane involving the left eye. These signs are caused by
DAMAGE to which one of the following innervation pathways?
A - Right trigeminal innervation to the eye
, B - Right parasympathetic innervation to the eye
C - Left oculomotor innervation to the eye
D - Left sympathetic innervation to the eye
E - Right vagal innervation to the eye - ANSWERS✔-D - Left sympathetic
innervation to the eye
\.A flock of sheep has been grazing on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass),
Tetradymia spp. (horsebrush) and Artemisia nova (black sage). Many of the
exposed animals have edema, especially in their heads. This lamb has edema
around the eyes and the ears show hyperkeratinized tissue. What is the
photosensitizing agent responsible for this condition?
A - Tetradymia spp.
B - Chlorophyll
C - Phylloerythrin
D - Artemisia nova
E - Bile acids - ANSWERS✔-C - Phylloerythrin
\.A young adult dairy cow is presented for evaluation in Minnesota in February.
She has multifocal, nonpruritic, circular, alopecic, and gray-white crusty lesions,
mainly affecting the head and neck. Several other herdmates are similarly
affected, with lesions also on the chest and limbs. What is the most common way
to address this condition?
A - Cull the worst-affected cows
B - Oral griseofulvin
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.A two-year-old Angus cow is presented with weakness of the hind limbs and a
staggering gait. On physical exam, the heart rate and respiratory rate are slow and
irregular, and the pupils are dilated. The cow's breath and urine smell like the odor
of mouse urine. Suddenly the cow's pulse becomes rapid and thready, she
collapses, and dies of apparent respiratory failure. Which one of the following
plants is most likely to have caused this spectrum of clinical signs?
A - Pinus ponderosa (Western yellow pine)
B - Veratrum spp (False hellebore, Skunk cabbage)
C - Centaurea spp (Knapweed, Yellow star thistle)
D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock)
E - Tetradymia spp (Horsebrush) - ANSWERS✔-D - Conium maculatum (Poison
hemlock)
\.You are presented a healthy ten-year-old maiden mare for breeding evaluation in
January in North America. On rectal palpation, both ovaries have multiple, small
(less than 15 mm) follicles and no corpus lutea. The uterus is flaccid with no
edema. Which one of the following choices is the most likely explanation of the
findings in this mare?
A - Seasonal anestrus
,B - The mare is in diestrus
C - Estrus has just passed
D - Early pregnancy
E - The mare is too old and now is infertile - ANSWERS✔-A - Seasonal anestrus
\.A five-month-old Yorkshire terrier is presented with ataxia in all four limbs and
neck pain. There is loss of conscious proprioception in all four limbs. A radiograph
of the cervical spine is shown below. Which one of the following choices is the
most likely diagnosis?
A - Atlantoaxial instability
B - Caudal occipital malformation
C - Intervertebral disk disease
D - Discospondylitis
E - Spina bifida - ANSWERS✔-A - Atlantoaxial instability
\.An 11-year-old male, neutered Cavalier King Charles spaniel is presented for an
episode of acute collapse with inability to support himself on the hind limbs and
disorientation. Based on the radiographs and history, which one of the following
tests would be next indicated?
A - Magnetic resonance imaging
B - Edrophonium challenge test
C - Myelography
D - Bronchoscopy
,E - Echocardiography - ANSWERS✔-E - Echocardiography
\.An eight-year-old dog is found recumbent and non-responsive in a horse
pasture. His left pupil is small, the right one is moderately dilated but responds to
light. The right upper eyelid and lip are droopy, hanging lower than normal. Head
trauma is suspected. The mucous membranes are pale pink, capillary refill time is
1-2 seconds.
T= 98.7°F, (37.0°C) [N 100-102.5°F, 37.8-39.2°C]
HR=56 [N 90-160 beats/min]
The respiratory rate and pattern are quite variable. He breathes fast and deep for
5-6 breaths, then more slowly and shallowly, then is apneic for 10 seconds. The
pattern repeats over and over. What is this respiratory pattern?
A - Orthopnea
B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing
C - Apneustic respiration pattern
D - Agonal respiration
E - Kussmaul pattern - ANSWERS✔-B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing
\.A seven-year-old cat is presented with miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and
protruded nictitating membrane involving the left eye. These signs are caused by
DAMAGE to which one of the following innervation pathways?
A - Right trigeminal innervation to the eye
, B - Right parasympathetic innervation to the eye
C - Left oculomotor innervation to the eye
D - Left sympathetic innervation to the eye
E - Right vagal innervation to the eye - ANSWERS✔-D - Left sympathetic
innervation to the eye
\.A flock of sheep has been grazing on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass),
Tetradymia spp. (horsebrush) and Artemisia nova (black sage). Many of the
exposed animals have edema, especially in their heads. This lamb has edema
around the eyes and the ears show hyperkeratinized tissue. What is the
photosensitizing agent responsible for this condition?
A - Tetradymia spp.
B - Chlorophyll
C - Phylloerythrin
D - Artemisia nova
E - Bile acids - ANSWERS✔-C - Phylloerythrin
\.A young adult dairy cow is presented for evaluation in Minnesota in February.
She has multifocal, nonpruritic, circular, alopecic, and gray-white crusty lesions,
mainly affecting the head and neck. Several other herdmates are similarly
affected, with lesions also on the chest and limbs. What is the most common way
to address this condition?
A - Cull the worst-affected cows
B - Oral griseofulvin
