NAVLE EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
\.A person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the
dog's medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic.
Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take?
A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical record only
C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked
out - ANSWERS✔-A
According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision)
"Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered
privileged and confidential. It must not be released except by court order or
consent of the owner of the patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release
to document that request."
,\.A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented with the
complaints of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened small
intestinal loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and serum
biochemistry shows increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with accompanying
cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one of the following normal
anatomic features may predispose cats to this triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile and
pancreatic ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers of the
wall of the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa - ANSWERS✔-B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into
the duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to ascending
cholangitis and pancreatitis after vomiting associated with inflammatory bowel
disease, resulting in extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture, duodenal
obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
,In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading to
decreased absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin K, potentially
resulting in coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical
intervention to relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate
supportive care, antimicrobial treatment, and vitamin K administration.
\.Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died. The
surviving piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal discharge. Necropsy
of the piglets reveals pulmonary edema and copious fluid in the trachea and
bronchi along with grayish- white necrotic foci on the myocardium. Which one of
the following diseases is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies - ANSWERS✔-B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the family
picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig contact,
contamination of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion of dead rodents
may cause disease. See pulmonary edema and copious transudate in the
respiratory tract, causing cardiac failure. Zoo outbreaks of EMCV have included
, lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos, sloths, llamas, antelope and nonhuman
primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a Florida zoo in the USA occurred after
feeding them the carcass of an African elephant that had died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic Escherichia coli
producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high mortality in recently-
weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute disease of 6
to 8 week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an arterivirus causing
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease.
\.What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva - ANSWERS✔-D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of transmission
is via saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may shed the virus for
months to years. Transmission may also occur through reuse of instruments and
blood. Virus is shed in saliva, tears, urine, and feces.
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
\.A person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the
dog's medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic.
Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take?
A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical record only
C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked
out - ANSWERS✔-A
According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision)
"Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered
privileged and confidential. It must not be released except by court order or
consent of the owner of the patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release
to document that request."
,\.A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented with the
complaints of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened small
intestinal loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and serum
biochemistry shows increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with accompanying
cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one of the following normal
anatomic features may predispose cats to this triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile and
pancreatic ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers of the
wall of the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa - ANSWERS✔-B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into
the duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to ascending
cholangitis and pancreatitis after vomiting associated with inflammatory bowel
disease, resulting in extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture, duodenal
obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
,In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading to
decreased absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin K, potentially
resulting in coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical
intervention to relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate
supportive care, antimicrobial treatment, and vitamin K administration.
\.Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died. The
surviving piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal discharge. Necropsy
of the piglets reveals pulmonary edema and copious fluid in the trachea and
bronchi along with grayish- white necrotic foci on the myocardium. Which one of
the following diseases is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies - ANSWERS✔-B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the family
picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig contact,
contamination of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion of dead rodents
may cause disease. See pulmonary edema and copious transudate in the
respiratory tract, causing cardiac failure. Zoo outbreaks of EMCV have included
, lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos, sloths, llamas, antelope and nonhuman
primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a Florida zoo in the USA occurred after
feeding them the carcass of an African elephant that had died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic Escherichia coli
producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high mortality in recently-
weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute disease of 6
to 8 week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an arterivirus causing
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease.
\.What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva - ANSWERS✔-D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of transmission
is via saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may shed the virus for
months to years. Transmission may also occur through reuse of instruments and
blood. Virus is shed in saliva, tears, urine, and feces.
