Patho. Exam I Renal Function 2026 Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) 2026
Vital Functions of the kidney - CORRECT ANSWER -maintain fluid/electrolyte conversion and
acid base balance, detoxify and eliminates wastes, regulates vitamin D and calcium, regulates
blood pressure, and aids in RBC production
Towards, away - CORRECT ANSWER -during instances of low blood flow to kidney blood is
dispersed _ the medulla and _ from the cortex.
Nephron - CORRECT ANSWER -functional unit of the kidney
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER -clumps of capillaries enclosed in a capsule, high pressure
system, site of blood filtration
Urine - CORRECT ANSWER -clear, yellow, pH 4.6 - 8.0, more acidic to protect against bacteria
GFR - CORRECT ANSWER -rate of filtrate formed each minute 125mL/min
Proximal Tubule - CORRECT ANSWER -site of most reabsorption and secretion, highly permeable
to H2O
Loop of Henle - CORRECT ANSWER -role in controlling concentration of urine, reabsorbs more
solute than water, filtrate becomes more dilute traveling through the ascending loop.
Distal and collecting Tubule - CORRECT ANSWER -impermeable to water, where hydrogen (H+) is
secreted and bicarbonate (HCO3) ions are reabsorbed
, 25 - CORRECT ANSWER -_% of oxygenated blood is demanded by the kidneys
Vasoconstrictors - CORRECT ANSWER -SNS, Angiotension II, ADH, and endothelins, restrict blood
flow
Vasodilators - CORRECT ANSWER -dopamine, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, improve blood flow
Autoregulatory Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER -ability to constrict or dilate blood vessels
around kidney independently, geared at maintaining a constant flow of blood to the kidneys
Juxtaglomerular Complex - CORRECT ANSWER -senses changes in GFR with renal perfusion,
senses stretch of afferent arterioles, site of RENIN secreation
Renal Clearance - CORRECT ANSWER -volume of plasma that is completely cleared each minute
of any substances that finds its way into the urine
Filtered, tubules - CORRECT ANSWER -renal clearance is determined by ability of substance to
be _ in the glomerulus and ability of _ to reabsorb or secrete the substance.
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER -secreted by adrenal gland, and regulates Na and K elimination
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - CORRECT ANSWER -located in the atria of heart, causes
vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles, inhibits Na reabsorption, inhibits ADH release
pH - CORRECT ANSWER -regulated by the kidneys by eliminating Hydrogen and reabsorbing
bicarbonate, tries to keep it between 7.35 - 7.45
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) 2026
Vital Functions of the kidney - CORRECT ANSWER -maintain fluid/electrolyte conversion and
acid base balance, detoxify and eliminates wastes, regulates vitamin D and calcium, regulates
blood pressure, and aids in RBC production
Towards, away - CORRECT ANSWER -during instances of low blood flow to kidney blood is
dispersed _ the medulla and _ from the cortex.
Nephron - CORRECT ANSWER -functional unit of the kidney
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER -clumps of capillaries enclosed in a capsule, high pressure
system, site of blood filtration
Urine - CORRECT ANSWER -clear, yellow, pH 4.6 - 8.0, more acidic to protect against bacteria
GFR - CORRECT ANSWER -rate of filtrate formed each minute 125mL/min
Proximal Tubule - CORRECT ANSWER -site of most reabsorption and secretion, highly permeable
to H2O
Loop of Henle - CORRECT ANSWER -role in controlling concentration of urine, reabsorbs more
solute than water, filtrate becomes more dilute traveling through the ascending loop.
Distal and collecting Tubule - CORRECT ANSWER -impermeable to water, where hydrogen (H+) is
secreted and bicarbonate (HCO3) ions are reabsorbed
, 25 - CORRECT ANSWER -_% of oxygenated blood is demanded by the kidneys
Vasoconstrictors - CORRECT ANSWER -SNS, Angiotension II, ADH, and endothelins, restrict blood
flow
Vasodilators - CORRECT ANSWER -dopamine, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, improve blood flow
Autoregulatory Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER -ability to constrict or dilate blood vessels
around kidney independently, geared at maintaining a constant flow of blood to the kidneys
Juxtaglomerular Complex - CORRECT ANSWER -senses changes in GFR with renal perfusion,
senses stretch of afferent arterioles, site of RENIN secreation
Renal Clearance - CORRECT ANSWER -volume of plasma that is completely cleared each minute
of any substances that finds its way into the urine
Filtered, tubules - CORRECT ANSWER -renal clearance is determined by ability of substance to
be _ in the glomerulus and ability of _ to reabsorb or secrete the substance.
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER -secreted by adrenal gland, and regulates Na and K elimination
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - CORRECT ANSWER -located in the atria of heart, causes
vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles, inhibits Na reabsorption, inhibits ADH release
pH - CORRECT ANSWER -regulated by the kidneys by eliminating Hydrogen and reabsorbing
bicarbonate, tries to keep it between 7.35 - 7.45
