ECOL 182R Exam 4
Are animals monophyletic or paraphyletic? - ANS-monophyletic
Are scallops cell? - ANS-sure; they stay on the surface of the substrate and suspension feed
Do echinoderms have an ectoskeleton or an endoskeleton? - ANS-endoskeleton: tough
supportive shape inside the frame
Do land slugs have shells? - ANS-no
Do snails have shells? - ANS-yes; they've a unmarried shell which they use for safety
Draw the phylogenetic tree for chordates, animals, and land plants. - ANS-
Draw the phylogenetic tree for the kingdom plantae. - ANS-
How are the onychophora and the tardigrada comparable? - ANS-they both have a
segmented body and limbs
- their limbs aren't jointed and that they do now not have an exoskeleton
How can protostomes reproduce? - ANS-- asexually or sexually; sexual duplicate is the
predominant made in most companies
- asexual replica is commonplace in lots of wormlike phyla; many crustacean and insect
species can reproduce asexually with the aid of parthenogenesis, wherein unfertilized eggs
become offspring
- sexual duplicate begins with external fertilization in sessile paperwork, and inner
fertilization in corporations that may flow
How did flora efficaciously invade land? - ANS-- safety from water loss: cuticle, protected
embryo
- safety from UV light: specialized pigments, blanketed embryo
- uptake of water and vitamins: to begin with no soil, association with fungi
How did the diversification of echinoderms and vertebrates occur? - ANS-echinoderms:
triggered diversification by means of podia
vertebrates: evolution of jaw and limbs
How do body plans range among phyla? - ANS-- the pseudocoelom, which forms from a gap
that originates between the ectoderm and mesoderm layers, arose independently in rotifers
and ecdtsozoans
- inside the Arthropoda and Mollusca, the coelom is considerably reduced
,How have key activities induced the diversity of protosomes? - ANS-- several lineages
making the water-to-land transition
- diversification in appendages and mouth elements
- the evolution of metamorphosis in each marine and terrestrial paperwork
- protostomes encompass some of the most acquainted and plentiful animals on earth,
inclusive of arthropods (along with insects, spiders, and crustaceans) and molluscs
(inclusive of snails, clams, octopuses, and squids)
How many animal phyla are recognized? - ANS-34
- maximum phyla are malicious program-like in look, but the maximum a hit phyla (mollusks,
arthropods, and chordates) have a quite modified body plan
In phrases of length, species diversity, and abundance which institution are the most a
success lineage of eukaryotes? - ANS-arthropods
In what institution is complete metamorphosis commonplace in? - ANS-bugs and marine
animals
ex: a few cnidarians have wonderful body types for the duration of their lifestyles cycle: a in
large part sessile form referred to as a polyp alternates with a unfastened- floating degree
referred to as a medusa
What are acoelomates? - ANS-triploblasts that do not have a coelem; no enclosed body
cavity
What are acoelomorpha? - ANS-- bilaterally symmetric worms with distinct anterior and
posterior ends
- triploblastic but lack a coelom
- a few have digestive tracts and some do now not
- live in dust or sand in marine environments feeding on detritus and preying on small
animals (they swim, flow, or burrow with the useful resource of cilia)
- adults reproduce asexually by using fission or sexually by means of internal fertilization,
with fertilized eggs laid outside the body
What are animals? - ANS-monophyletic group that can be identified through three traits:
- multicellular
- heterotrophs - ingest their meals
- pass underneath their personal energy sooner or later in their life cycle
What are annelida (segmented worms)? - ANS-- segmented body plan and a coelom that
functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
- sixteen,500 species which have defined to date may be divided into two primary lineages:
polychaeta and clitellata
What are arthropoda (arthropods)? - ANS-- phylogeny is still being worked out
- outstanding via segmented our bodies and complex, jointed, exoskeletons
- organized into head and trunk areas; at least a few trunk segments produce paired, jointed
appendages
, - metamorphosis is not unusual in arthropods; the larval and person forms develop by way of
molting
What are asci? - ANS-spores fashioned in sacs
What are ascomycota (sac fungi)? - ANS-- over half of all acknowledged fungi belong to the
ascomycota
- shape an ascus
- penicillium
- aspergillus; most important source of citric acid to choose tender beverages
- saccharomyces cervisiae; brewing, baking, wine-making; version organism for research
- havereproductive structures with many spore-producing asci
What are asteriodea (sea stars)? - ANS-- 1700 regarded species
- 5 or more long palms radiating from a central region that consists of the mouth, stomach,
and anus
- sexual duplicate predominates in sea stars, and sexes are separate
ex: pycnopodia helianthoides
What are basidia? - ANS-spores formed on little pedestals
What are basidiomycota (Club fungi)? - ANS-- for the duration of sexual duplicate
- all basidiomycetes produce basidia
- the biggest subgroup on this lineage form basidia in massive, above floor mushrooms,
brackets, earthstars, or puffballs
- have reproductive systems with many spore-generating basidia
What are bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)? - ANS-- bivalves have two separate
shells, made of calcium carbonate, which can be hinged
- suspension feeders
- maximum bivalves live within the ocean, although there are freshwater forms
- only outside sexual duplicate happens in bivalves
What are frame plans? - ANS-- morphological diversity in animals is based totally on mouths
and limbs, for ingesting and transferring
- the primary architecture of the animal body has been conserved at some point of evolution
What are cephalochordates? - ANS-(lancelets) are small, cell suspension feeders that fairly
appear to be fish
What are cephalopoda (nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses)? - ANS-- nicely-advanced
head and a foot this is modified to form lengthy, muscular tentacles
- besides for nautilus, cephalopods have both fantastically decreased shells or none in any
respect
- huge brains and eyes with sophisticated lenses; pretty smart predators that hunt by sight
and use their tentacles to capture prey
- have a radula and a beak which can exert effective biting forces
- replica is sexual and internal thru a spermatophore packet
Are animals monophyletic or paraphyletic? - ANS-monophyletic
Are scallops cell? - ANS-sure; they stay on the surface of the substrate and suspension feed
Do echinoderms have an ectoskeleton or an endoskeleton? - ANS-endoskeleton: tough
supportive shape inside the frame
Do land slugs have shells? - ANS-no
Do snails have shells? - ANS-yes; they've a unmarried shell which they use for safety
Draw the phylogenetic tree for chordates, animals, and land plants. - ANS-
Draw the phylogenetic tree for the kingdom plantae. - ANS-
How are the onychophora and the tardigrada comparable? - ANS-they both have a
segmented body and limbs
- their limbs aren't jointed and that they do now not have an exoskeleton
How can protostomes reproduce? - ANS-- asexually or sexually; sexual duplicate is the
predominant made in most companies
- asexual replica is commonplace in lots of wormlike phyla; many crustacean and insect
species can reproduce asexually with the aid of parthenogenesis, wherein unfertilized eggs
become offspring
- sexual duplicate begins with external fertilization in sessile paperwork, and inner
fertilization in corporations that may flow
How did flora efficaciously invade land? - ANS-- safety from water loss: cuticle, protected
embryo
- safety from UV light: specialized pigments, blanketed embryo
- uptake of water and vitamins: to begin with no soil, association with fungi
How did the diversification of echinoderms and vertebrates occur? - ANS-echinoderms:
triggered diversification by means of podia
vertebrates: evolution of jaw and limbs
How do body plans range among phyla? - ANS-- the pseudocoelom, which forms from a gap
that originates between the ectoderm and mesoderm layers, arose independently in rotifers
and ecdtsozoans
- inside the Arthropoda and Mollusca, the coelom is considerably reduced
,How have key activities induced the diversity of protosomes? - ANS-- several lineages
making the water-to-land transition
- diversification in appendages and mouth elements
- the evolution of metamorphosis in each marine and terrestrial paperwork
- protostomes encompass some of the most acquainted and plentiful animals on earth,
inclusive of arthropods (along with insects, spiders, and crustaceans) and molluscs
(inclusive of snails, clams, octopuses, and squids)
How many animal phyla are recognized? - ANS-34
- maximum phyla are malicious program-like in look, but the maximum a hit phyla (mollusks,
arthropods, and chordates) have a quite modified body plan
In phrases of length, species diversity, and abundance which institution are the most a
success lineage of eukaryotes? - ANS-arthropods
In what institution is complete metamorphosis commonplace in? - ANS-bugs and marine
animals
ex: a few cnidarians have wonderful body types for the duration of their lifestyles cycle: a in
large part sessile form referred to as a polyp alternates with a unfastened- floating degree
referred to as a medusa
What are acoelomates? - ANS-triploblasts that do not have a coelem; no enclosed body
cavity
What are acoelomorpha? - ANS-- bilaterally symmetric worms with distinct anterior and
posterior ends
- triploblastic but lack a coelom
- a few have digestive tracts and some do now not
- live in dust or sand in marine environments feeding on detritus and preying on small
animals (they swim, flow, or burrow with the useful resource of cilia)
- adults reproduce asexually by using fission or sexually by means of internal fertilization,
with fertilized eggs laid outside the body
What are animals? - ANS-monophyletic group that can be identified through three traits:
- multicellular
- heterotrophs - ingest their meals
- pass underneath their personal energy sooner or later in their life cycle
What are annelida (segmented worms)? - ANS-- segmented body plan and a coelom that
functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
- sixteen,500 species which have defined to date may be divided into two primary lineages:
polychaeta and clitellata
What are arthropoda (arthropods)? - ANS-- phylogeny is still being worked out
- outstanding via segmented our bodies and complex, jointed, exoskeletons
- organized into head and trunk areas; at least a few trunk segments produce paired, jointed
appendages
, - metamorphosis is not unusual in arthropods; the larval and person forms develop by way of
molting
What are asci? - ANS-spores fashioned in sacs
What are ascomycota (sac fungi)? - ANS-- over half of all acknowledged fungi belong to the
ascomycota
- shape an ascus
- penicillium
- aspergillus; most important source of citric acid to choose tender beverages
- saccharomyces cervisiae; brewing, baking, wine-making; version organism for research
- havereproductive structures with many spore-producing asci
What are asteriodea (sea stars)? - ANS-- 1700 regarded species
- 5 or more long palms radiating from a central region that consists of the mouth, stomach,
and anus
- sexual duplicate predominates in sea stars, and sexes are separate
ex: pycnopodia helianthoides
What are basidia? - ANS-spores formed on little pedestals
What are basidiomycota (Club fungi)? - ANS-- for the duration of sexual duplicate
- all basidiomycetes produce basidia
- the biggest subgroup on this lineage form basidia in massive, above floor mushrooms,
brackets, earthstars, or puffballs
- have reproductive systems with many spore-generating basidia
What are bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)? - ANS-- bivalves have two separate
shells, made of calcium carbonate, which can be hinged
- suspension feeders
- maximum bivalves live within the ocean, although there are freshwater forms
- only outside sexual duplicate happens in bivalves
What are frame plans? - ANS-- morphological diversity in animals is based totally on mouths
and limbs, for ingesting and transferring
- the primary architecture of the animal body has been conserved at some point of evolution
What are cephalochordates? - ANS-(lancelets) are small, cell suspension feeders that fairly
appear to be fish
What are cephalopoda (nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses)? - ANS-- nicely-advanced
head and a foot this is modified to form lengthy, muscular tentacles
- besides for nautilus, cephalopods have both fantastically decreased shells or none in any
respect
- huge brains and eyes with sophisticated lenses; pretty smart predators that hunt by sight
and use their tentacles to capture prey
- have a radula and a beak which can exert effective biting forces
- replica is sexual and internal thru a spermatophore packet
