ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY AN
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
PRACTICE RESOURCE VERIFIED
●● Describe the five characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
Answer: Excitability: The ability of a cell to respond to a stimulus.
Conductivity: Involves an electrical change that travels along the plasma
membrane as voltage-gated channels open sequentially during an action
potential. (muscle cells/ neurons)
Contractility: exhibited when contractile proteins within skeletal muscle
cells slide past one another. (causes movement)
Elasticity: the ability of a muscle to return to its original length
following either shortening or lengthening of the muscle.
Extensibility: The lengthening of muscle cells.
●● Identify and describe the three connective tissue layers associated
with a muscle.
,Answer: Epimysium: layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the
whole skeletal muscle.
Perimysium: layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the fascicles, and
includes many blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibers in
each individual fascicle.
Endomysium: The innermost connective tissue layer that contains a
delicate areolar CT layer that surrounds each muscle fiber.
●● muscle connective tissue layers
Answer:
●● Describe the structure and function of a tendon and an aponeurosis.
Answer: Tendon: a thick cord-like structure composed of dense regular
CT that attach muscle to bone.
Aponeurosis: layers of thin flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue that
can take the place of tendon.
●● Explain the function of blood vessels and nerves serving a muscle.
Answer: Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscle fibers,
as well as remove waste from the muscle fibers.
, Nerves serve to allow muscles to move using motor neurons (voluntary
muscles).
●● Explain how a skeletal muscle fiber becomes multinucleated.
Answer: Myoblast cells are what form the muscle fibers, causing the
muscle fiber to have multiple nuclei.
●● Describe the sarcolemma, T-tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum of a
skeletal muscle fiber.
Answer: Sarcolemma: The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber.
T-tubules: Deep invaginations of sarcolemma that network narrow
membranous tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
●● skeletal muscle fiber
Answer:
●● Distinguish between thick and thin filaments.
Answer: Thick filaments: assembled from bundles of myosin protein
molecules (has a head and tail)
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
PRACTICE RESOURCE VERIFIED
●● Describe the five characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
Answer: Excitability: The ability of a cell to respond to a stimulus.
Conductivity: Involves an electrical change that travels along the plasma
membrane as voltage-gated channels open sequentially during an action
potential. (muscle cells/ neurons)
Contractility: exhibited when contractile proteins within skeletal muscle
cells slide past one another. (causes movement)
Elasticity: the ability of a muscle to return to its original length
following either shortening or lengthening of the muscle.
Extensibility: The lengthening of muscle cells.
●● Identify and describe the three connective tissue layers associated
with a muscle.
,Answer: Epimysium: layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the
whole skeletal muscle.
Perimysium: layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the fascicles, and
includes many blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibers in
each individual fascicle.
Endomysium: The innermost connective tissue layer that contains a
delicate areolar CT layer that surrounds each muscle fiber.
●● muscle connective tissue layers
Answer:
●● Describe the structure and function of a tendon and an aponeurosis.
Answer: Tendon: a thick cord-like structure composed of dense regular
CT that attach muscle to bone.
Aponeurosis: layers of thin flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue that
can take the place of tendon.
●● Explain the function of blood vessels and nerves serving a muscle.
Answer: Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscle fibers,
as well as remove waste from the muscle fibers.
, Nerves serve to allow muscles to move using motor neurons (voluntary
muscles).
●● Explain how a skeletal muscle fiber becomes multinucleated.
Answer: Myoblast cells are what form the muscle fibers, causing the
muscle fiber to have multiple nuclei.
●● Describe the sarcolemma, T-tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum of a
skeletal muscle fiber.
Answer: Sarcolemma: The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber.
T-tubules: Deep invaginations of sarcolemma that network narrow
membranous tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
●● skeletal muscle fiber
Answer:
●● Distinguish between thick and thin filaments.
Answer: Thick filaments: assembled from bundles of myosin protein
molecules (has a head and tail)
