MSN 377 Exam 1 () Questions and
Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass
Why does HTN increase the risk for end-organ damage? - CORRECT ANSWER -turbulent blood
damages the blood vessels and results in decreased blood flow to essential organs
What is the formula for BP? - CORRECT ANSWER -CO x SVR = BP
what do alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasoconstrict
what does beta 1 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases HR and contractility
What does beta 2 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasodilate
Why are broad betas better for treatment of HTN then? - CORRECT ANSWER -because they slow
down the HR and vasodilate (rather than just one or the other)
What are the 2 main neurohormonal vasoconstrictors? - CORRECT ANSWER -angiontensin 2, NE,
and endothelin
What do nitro and prostacyclin do? - CORRECT ANSWER -lower arterial tone, inhibit growth of
smooth muscle layer, and inhibit platelet aggregation
Why are the kidneys so sensitive to BP changes? - CORRECT ANSWER -high pressure organ that
needs a lot of perfusion, it employs a compensatory mechanism as soon as it notices a change
What does epinephrine do to the BP? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases HR, contractility, and
vasodilates
,What is stage 2 HTN classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER ->140 systolic or >90 diastolic
What is primary HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -HTN of unknown etiology
What is secondary HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -HTN due to identifiable cause (5% of cases)
How are the eyes impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- arteriovenous nicking
- narrowing of retinal arterioles
- hemorrhages or exudates
- papilledema
How is the brain impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -at high risk for stroke or TIAs
How is the heart impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- CAD
- HF
- LV hypertrophy
What are the lifestyle modifications for HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- weight reduction
- DASH eating plan
- dietary sodium restriction (<2g/day)
- moderate or low alcohol intake
- increase physical activity
- smoking cessation
- management of psychosocial
,What is a hypertensive urgency? - CORRECT ANSWER -BP >180/100 with no evidence of end
organ damage, that slowly increased over days to weeks
What is a hypertensive emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -BP >220/140 with clinical evidence of
end organ disease
What are acute complications of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -encephalopathy, stroke,
acute LV failure, MI, renal failure, aortic aneurysm, retinopathy
What are two medication related causes for HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- not taking
medications
- need dosage increase
What are the brain related symptoms of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- headache
- AMS
- N and V
- confusion
- coma
- seizure
What are the cardiac symptoms of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- unstable angina
- MI
- pulmonary edema
- aortic dissection
What does pulmonary edema indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER -LV heart failure
, How do we manage HTN urgency? - CORRECT ANSWER -with oral drugs outpatient, and then
have them come in next day to see response
How do we manage HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -ICU!!
MAP drives treatment with IV drugs
What is the formula for MAP? - CORRECT ANSWER -(SBP + 2DBP)/3 = MAP
What is the IV drug of choice for HTN emergency and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) --> vasodilator
What is our goal MAP in the first 24 hours of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -lower by
20-25% OR bring down to 110-115
Why do we monitor urine output during HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -kidneys are the
first organ to be shunted of blood in failure
How do we assess for therapeutic effects of HTN emergency treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER -if
their BP/MAP is going down safely
What does chronotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -heart rate
What does dromotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -speed of conduction
What does ionotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -force of contraction
What controls an increase in chronotropy, dromotropy, and ionotropy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
SNS
Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass
Why does HTN increase the risk for end-organ damage? - CORRECT ANSWER -turbulent blood
damages the blood vessels and results in decreased blood flow to essential organs
What is the formula for BP? - CORRECT ANSWER -CO x SVR = BP
what do alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasoconstrict
what does beta 1 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases HR and contractility
What does beta 2 receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasodilate
Why are broad betas better for treatment of HTN then? - CORRECT ANSWER -because they slow
down the HR and vasodilate (rather than just one or the other)
What are the 2 main neurohormonal vasoconstrictors? - CORRECT ANSWER -angiontensin 2, NE,
and endothelin
What do nitro and prostacyclin do? - CORRECT ANSWER -lower arterial tone, inhibit growth of
smooth muscle layer, and inhibit platelet aggregation
Why are the kidneys so sensitive to BP changes? - CORRECT ANSWER -high pressure organ that
needs a lot of perfusion, it employs a compensatory mechanism as soon as it notices a change
What does epinephrine do to the BP? - CORRECT ANSWER -increases HR, contractility, and
vasodilates
,What is stage 2 HTN classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER ->140 systolic or >90 diastolic
What is primary HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -HTN of unknown etiology
What is secondary HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -HTN due to identifiable cause (5% of cases)
How are the eyes impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- arteriovenous nicking
- narrowing of retinal arterioles
- hemorrhages or exudates
- papilledema
How is the brain impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -at high risk for stroke or TIAs
How is the heart impacted by HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- CAD
- HF
- LV hypertrophy
What are the lifestyle modifications for HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER -- weight reduction
- DASH eating plan
- dietary sodium restriction (<2g/day)
- moderate or low alcohol intake
- increase physical activity
- smoking cessation
- management of psychosocial
,What is a hypertensive urgency? - CORRECT ANSWER -BP >180/100 with no evidence of end
organ damage, that slowly increased over days to weeks
What is a hypertensive emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -BP >220/140 with clinical evidence of
end organ disease
What are acute complications of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -encephalopathy, stroke,
acute LV failure, MI, renal failure, aortic aneurysm, retinopathy
What are two medication related causes for HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- not taking
medications
- need dosage increase
What are the brain related symptoms of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- headache
- AMS
- N and V
- confusion
- coma
- seizure
What are the cardiac symptoms of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -- unstable angina
- MI
- pulmonary edema
- aortic dissection
What does pulmonary edema indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER -LV heart failure
, How do we manage HTN urgency? - CORRECT ANSWER -with oral drugs outpatient, and then
have them come in next day to see response
How do we manage HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -ICU!!
MAP drives treatment with IV drugs
What is the formula for MAP? - CORRECT ANSWER -(SBP + 2DBP)/3 = MAP
What is the IV drug of choice for HTN emergency and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) --> vasodilator
What is our goal MAP in the first 24 hours of HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -lower by
20-25% OR bring down to 110-115
Why do we monitor urine output during HTN emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER -kidneys are the
first organ to be shunted of blood in failure
How do we assess for therapeutic effects of HTN emergency treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER -if
their BP/MAP is going down safely
What does chronotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -heart rate
What does dromotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -speed of conduction
What does ionotropy mean? - CORRECT ANSWER -force of contraction
What controls an increase in chronotropy, dromotropy, and ionotropy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
SNS
