LPN Pharmacology (Final) Questions and
Answers | Newest Updated Study Guide with
Accurate Solutions | Grade A+
• (I&P) Differences between generic and trade name drugs -✓✓Generic: official name
given by the USANC, eash med can only have 1 generic name
Trade: brand name the manufacturer gives, one med can have multiple trade names
• (I&P) Differences between prescription and over the counter drugs -✓✓RX: - requires
PCP supervision, only dispensed by a pharmacy, typically remembered in drug history,
can interact with other drugs and can cause toxicity
OTC: - Does not require PCP supervision, usually forgotten in drug history, readily
available many locations, can interact with other drugs and can cause toxicity
• (I&P) ADME process -✓✓absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
• (I&P) Absorption -✓✓movement from site of administration to the circulatory system
• (I&P) Distribution -✓✓movement form the circulatory system to the inteded site of
action
• (I&P) Metabolism -✓✓change to more or less potenet, soluble, or inactive form
• (I&P) Excretion -✓✓elimination of the drug or its metabilites through various parts of
the body
• (I&P) First pass effect -✓✓The liver inactivates some medications reducing
bioavailability
• (I&P) How we monitor drugs with a small therapeutic index -✓✓-Looking at the onset,
peak and duration of the drug
-drawing peak and trough levels (immediately before the next dose)
• (I&P) Why we monitor drugs with a small therapeutic index -✓✓to ensure the
medication is in the correct range to be effective without becoming toxic
• (I&P) hypersensitivity -✓✓-immune response to a medication
-mild reaction: itching, rash, watery eyes, sneezing
-subsequent exposure can lead to anaphylaxis
-treated with diphenhydramine
• (I&P) Anaphylaxis -✓✓-life threatening, immediate response
, -respiratory distress, hypotension, angioedema, difficulty swallowing
-treated with respiratory support, epinephrine, diphenhydramine, corticosteroids
• (I&P) additive -✓✓1+1=2
• (I&P) synergistic -✓✓1+1=more than 2
• (I&P) antagonistic -✓✓1+1=less than 2
• 1: right client
2: right medication
3: right dose
4: right time
5: right route
6: right documentation -✓✓patient rights for medication administration
• (Infection) collection: gram stain -✓✓Gram stain (-): 3 layer cell wall, more difficult to
penitrate/treat
Gram stain (+): 2 layer cell wall making them easier to penitrate/treat
• (Infection) collection: culture -✓✓Identifies microb, uses swab applied to culture
medium then given time to grow
• (Infection) interpreting sensitivity results -✓✓Kirby-bauer test: bacteria is applied to a
disk that has different medications, the larger the outer ring the more effective the med
is
• (Infection) Host factors that increase the risk of antibiotic toxicity -✓✓-immune status
-allergy: an allergy to 1 medication can narrow down options
-infection site: site can complicate treatment
-age: infants and older adults at increased risk for toxicity
-pregnancy: certain drugs are harmful to take while pregnant
• (Infection) reasons for prophylactic treatment -✓✓to stop an infection before it can
occur
-Surgery, exposure, recurring UTIs, prosthetic heart valves
• (Infection) rugs that can cause a disulfiram like reaction when mixed with alcohol -✓✓-
Cephalosporins
-Metronidazole (flagyl)
• (Infection) drug used to treat MRSA -✓✓Vancomycin
• (Infection) complications for tetracyclines -✓✓-Tooth discoloration
-Super infection
Answers | Newest Updated Study Guide with
Accurate Solutions | Grade A+
• (I&P) Differences between generic and trade name drugs -✓✓Generic: official name
given by the USANC, eash med can only have 1 generic name
Trade: brand name the manufacturer gives, one med can have multiple trade names
• (I&P) Differences between prescription and over the counter drugs -✓✓RX: - requires
PCP supervision, only dispensed by a pharmacy, typically remembered in drug history,
can interact with other drugs and can cause toxicity
OTC: - Does not require PCP supervision, usually forgotten in drug history, readily
available many locations, can interact with other drugs and can cause toxicity
• (I&P) ADME process -✓✓absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
• (I&P) Absorption -✓✓movement from site of administration to the circulatory system
• (I&P) Distribution -✓✓movement form the circulatory system to the inteded site of
action
• (I&P) Metabolism -✓✓change to more or less potenet, soluble, or inactive form
• (I&P) Excretion -✓✓elimination of the drug or its metabilites through various parts of
the body
• (I&P) First pass effect -✓✓The liver inactivates some medications reducing
bioavailability
• (I&P) How we monitor drugs with a small therapeutic index -✓✓-Looking at the onset,
peak and duration of the drug
-drawing peak and trough levels (immediately before the next dose)
• (I&P) Why we monitor drugs with a small therapeutic index -✓✓to ensure the
medication is in the correct range to be effective without becoming toxic
• (I&P) hypersensitivity -✓✓-immune response to a medication
-mild reaction: itching, rash, watery eyes, sneezing
-subsequent exposure can lead to anaphylaxis
-treated with diphenhydramine
• (I&P) Anaphylaxis -✓✓-life threatening, immediate response
, -respiratory distress, hypotension, angioedema, difficulty swallowing
-treated with respiratory support, epinephrine, diphenhydramine, corticosteroids
• (I&P) additive -✓✓1+1=2
• (I&P) synergistic -✓✓1+1=more than 2
• (I&P) antagonistic -✓✓1+1=less than 2
• 1: right client
2: right medication
3: right dose
4: right time
5: right route
6: right documentation -✓✓patient rights for medication administration
• (Infection) collection: gram stain -✓✓Gram stain (-): 3 layer cell wall, more difficult to
penitrate/treat
Gram stain (+): 2 layer cell wall making them easier to penitrate/treat
• (Infection) collection: culture -✓✓Identifies microb, uses swab applied to culture
medium then given time to grow
• (Infection) interpreting sensitivity results -✓✓Kirby-bauer test: bacteria is applied to a
disk that has different medications, the larger the outer ring the more effective the med
is
• (Infection) Host factors that increase the risk of antibiotic toxicity -✓✓-immune status
-allergy: an allergy to 1 medication can narrow down options
-infection site: site can complicate treatment
-age: infants and older adults at increased risk for toxicity
-pregnancy: certain drugs are harmful to take while pregnant
• (Infection) reasons for prophylactic treatment -✓✓to stop an infection before it can
occur
-Surgery, exposure, recurring UTIs, prosthetic heart valves
• (Infection) rugs that can cause a disulfiram like reaction when mixed with alcohol -✓✓-
Cephalosporins
-Metronidazole (flagyl)
• (Infection) drug used to treat MRSA -✓✓Vancomycin
• (Infection) complications for tetracyclines -✓✓-Tooth discoloration
-Super infection
