BIO 669 EXAM 1 EC | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - ANSWERS-
hypovolemia
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - ANSWERS-fully
compensated respiratory acidosis
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding
percentages (40, 5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular = - ANSWERS-ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and
Intravascular = 5
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body
whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile - ANSWERS-False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also
called the immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune
system is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the
damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities,
jaundice, icterus, and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his
albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process behind the
ascites and pitting edema ?
,A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - ANSWERS-B- decreased capillary
oncotic pressure
Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid - ANSWERS-D- carbonic acid
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease
__________ _________ by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the
kidneys will regulate the levels of __________ to maintain a safe pH. -
ANSWERS-Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease
bowel sounds, thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? -
ANSWERS-Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ -
ANSWERS-Answer: water, cells
Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
,C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - ANSWERS-Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - ANSWERS-
Hyperkalemia, peaked T waves
A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during
healing. - ANSWERS-Keloid
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent
U wave on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6 - ANSWERS-c.) Potassium 2.2
What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
, d.) All of the above - ANSWERS-c.) A mineral that has an electric charge,
found dissolved in bodies of water
Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin - ANSWERS-B. Acetylcholine
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine
formation, the formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral
edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium - ANSWERS-D. Sodium
All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - ANSWERS-D: Decrease in hydrostatic
pressure
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - ANSWERS-
hypovolemia
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - ANSWERS-fully
compensated respiratory acidosis
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding
percentages (40, 5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular = - ANSWERS-ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and
Intravascular = 5
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body
whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile - ANSWERS-False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also
called the immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune
system is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the
damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities,
jaundice, icterus, and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his
albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process behind the
ascites and pitting edema ?
,A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - ANSWERS-B- decreased capillary
oncotic pressure
Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid - ANSWERS-D- carbonic acid
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease
__________ _________ by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the
kidneys will regulate the levels of __________ to maintain a safe pH. -
ANSWERS-Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease
bowel sounds, thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? -
ANSWERS-Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ -
ANSWERS-Answer: water, cells
Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
,C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - ANSWERS-Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - ANSWERS-
Hyperkalemia, peaked T waves
A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during
healing. - ANSWERS-Keloid
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent
U wave on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6 - ANSWERS-c.) Potassium 2.2
What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
, d.) All of the above - ANSWERS-c.) A mineral that has an electric charge,
found dissolved in bodies of water
Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin - ANSWERS-B. Acetylcholine
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine
formation, the formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral
edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium - ANSWERS-D. Sodium
All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - ANSWERS-D: Decrease in hydrostatic
pressure
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
