NCLEX EXAM vc
Exam Solution vc
HESI Pharmacology Exam (NCLEX PN) 2 VERSIONS ACT
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UAL EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
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VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES (100% CORREC
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T ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026 A+ GRADE AS
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SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER vc vc vc vc vc
S (C1B57) vc
QUESTION 1 vc
1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's ser
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um calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer
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as prescribed to the client? 1. Calcium chloride 2. Calcium gluconate 3. Calcitonin (Miacal
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cin) 4. Large doses of vitamin D
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ANSWER
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Rationale: The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is e
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xperiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatm
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ent of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D
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need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bon
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e resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
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QUESTION 2 vc
2.) Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-
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old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the i
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ron with which best food item? 1. Milk 2. Water 3. Apple juice 4. Orange juice
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ANSWER
4. Orange juice Rationale: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be
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instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin
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C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a gre
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ater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
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,QUESTION 3 vc
3.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monito
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rs the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemi
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c toxicity from this medication? 1. Tinnitus 2. Diarrhea 3. Constipation 4. Decreased resp
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irations
ANSWER
1. Tinnitus Rationale: Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylis
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m) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constip
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ation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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QUESTION 4 vc
4.) The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied s
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unscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective w
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hen applied: 1. Immediately before swimming 2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
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3. Immediately before exposure to the sun 4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the
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sun
ANSWER
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun Rationale: Sunscreens are most effective when applied
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at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens shoul
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d be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
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QUESTION 5 vc
6.) The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to th
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e site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indica
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tes that a systemic effect has occurred? 1.Hyperventilation 2.Elevated blood pressure 3.L
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ocal pain at the burn site 4.Local rash at the burn site
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ANSWER
1.Hyperventilation Rationale: Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for sign
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s of an acid-
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base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued for 1 to 2 days.
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Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than systemic effects. An elevated blood pressure may be expected
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from the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
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QUESTION 6 vc
7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of t
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his medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed? 1. Pl
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atelet count 2. Triglyceride level 3. Complete blood count 4. White blood cell count
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,ANSWER
2. Triglyceride level Rationale: Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels shoul
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d be measured before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been
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evaluated. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
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QUESTION 7 vc
8.) A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) pres
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cribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact t
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he (HCP) if the client is taking which medication? 1. Vitamin A 2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 3. Fu
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rosemide (Lasix) 4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
1. Vitamin A Rationale: Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensificat
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ion of isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should
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be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with the use of
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isotretinoin.
QUESTION 8 vc
9.) The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse woul
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d monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the me
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dication were being applied to which of the following body areas? 1. Back 2. Axilla 3. Sole
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s of the feet 4. Palms of the hands
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ANSWER
2. Axilla Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is h
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igher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, ge
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nitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
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QUESTION 9 vc
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse notes
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that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescription, the
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nurse would suspect that the client is being treated for: 1. Acne 2. Eczema 3. Hair loss 4.
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Herpes simplex vc
ANSWER
1. Acne Rationale: Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid app
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ears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and decreasing the proliferation of
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keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 10 vc
, 13.) The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving bleomycin intrav
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enously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which diagnostic study will be pr
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escribed? 1. Echocardiography 2. Electrocardiography 3. Cervical radiography 4. Pulmon
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ary function studies
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ANSWER
4. Pulmonary function studies Rationale: Bleomycin is an antineoplastic medication (Chemotheraputic A
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gents) that can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fun
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ction studies along with hematological, hepatic, and renal function tests need to be monitored. The nurs
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e needs to monitor lung sounds for dyspnea and crackles, which indicate pulmonary toxicity. The medic
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ation needs to be discontinued immediately if pulmonary toxicity occurs. Options 1, 2, and 3 are unrelat
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ed to the specific use of this medication.
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QUESTION 11 vc
14.) The client with acute myelocytic leukemia is being treated with busulfan (Myleran).
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Which laboratory value would the nurse specifically monitor during treatment with this
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medication? 1. Clotting time 2. Uric acid level 3. Potassium level 4. Blood glucose level
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ANSWER
2. Uric acid level Rationale: Busulfan (Myleran) can cause an increase in the uric acid level. Hyperuricem
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ia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute renal failure. Options 1, 3, and 4 are not s
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pecifically related to this medication. vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 12 vc
15.) The client with small cell lung cancer is being treated with etoposide (VePesid). The
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nurse who is assisting in caring for the client during its administration understands that
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which side effect is specifically associated with this medication? 1. Alopecia 2. Chest pain
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3. Pulmonary fibrosis 4. Orthostatic hypotension
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ANSWER
4. Orthostatic hypotension Rationale: A side effect specific to etoposide is orthostatic hypotension. The c
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lient's blood pressure is monitored during the infusion. Hair loss occurs with nearly all the antineoplasti
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c medications. Chest pain and pulmonary fibrosis are unrelated to this medication.
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QUESTION 13 vc
17.) The client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine (Oncovin). The nurs
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e monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates a side effect specific
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to this medication? 1. Diarrhea 2. Hair loss 3. Chest pain 4. Numbness and tingling in the
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fingers and toes vc vc
ANSWER
Exam Solution vc
HESI Pharmacology Exam (NCLEX PN) 2 VERSIONS ACT
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
UAL EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
vc vc vc vc vc vc
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES (100% CORREC
vc vc vc vc vc vc
T ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026 A+ GRADE AS
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER vc vc vc vc vc
S (C1B57) vc
QUESTION 1 vc
1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's ser
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um calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer
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as prescribed to the client? 1. Calcium chloride 2. Calcium gluconate 3. Calcitonin (Miacal
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cin) 4. Large doses of vitamin D
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ANSWER
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Rationale: The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is e
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
xperiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatm
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ent of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bon
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e resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
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QUESTION 2 vc
2.) Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-
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old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the i
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ron with which best food item? 1. Milk 2. Water 3. Apple juice 4. Orange juice
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ANSWER
4. Orange juice Rationale: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be
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instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin
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C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a gre
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ater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
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,QUESTION 3 vc
3.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monito
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rs the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemi
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c toxicity from this medication? 1. Tinnitus 2. Diarrhea 3. Constipation 4. Decreased resp
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irations
ANSWER
1. Tinnitus Rationale: Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylis
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m) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constip
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ation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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QUESTION 4 vc
4.) The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied s
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unscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective w
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hen applied: 1. Immediately before swimming 2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
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3. Immediately before exposure to the sun 4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the
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sun
ANSWER
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun Rationale: Sunscreens are most effective when applied
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at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens shoul
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d be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
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QUESTION 5 vc
6.) The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to th
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e site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indica
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tes that a systemic effect has occurred? 1.Hyperventilation 2.Elevated blood pressure 3.L
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ocal pain at the burn site 4.Local rash at the burn site
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ANSWER
1.Hyperventilation Rationale: Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for sign
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s of an acid-
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base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued for 1 to 2 days.
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Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than systemic effects. An elevated blood pressure may be expected
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from the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
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QUESTION 6 vc
7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of t
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his medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed? 1. Pl
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atelet count 2. Triglyceride level 3. Complete blood count 4. White blood cell count
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,ANSWER
2. Triglyceride level Rationale: Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels shoul
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d be measured before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been
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evaluated. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
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QUESTION 7 vc
8.) A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) pres
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cribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact t
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he (HCP) if the client is taking which medication? 1. Vitamin A 2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 3. Fu
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rosemide (Lasix) 4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
1. Vitamin A Rationale: Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensificat
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ion of isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should
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be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with the use of
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isotretinoin.
QUESTION 8 vc
9.) The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse woul
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
d monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the me
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dication were being applied to which of the following body areas? 1. Back 2. Axilla 3. Sole
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s of the feet 4. Palms of the hands
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ANSWER
2. Axilla Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is h
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igher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, ge
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nitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 9 vc
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse notes
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that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescription, the
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nurse would suspect that the client is being treated for: 1. Acne 2. Eczema 3. Hair loss 4.
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Herpes simplex vc
ANSWER
1. Acne Rationale: Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid app
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ears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and decreasing the proliferation of
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keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect. vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 10 vc
, 13.) The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving bleomycin intrav
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enously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which diagnostic study will be pr
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escribed? 1. Echocardiography 2. Electrocardiography 3. Cervical radiography 4. Pulmon
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ary function studies
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ANSWER
4. Pulmonary function studies Rationale: Bleomycin is an antineoplastic medication (Chemotheraputic A
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gents) that can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fun
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ction studies along with hematological, hepatic, and renal function tests need to be monitored. The nurs
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e needs to monitor lung sounds for dyspnea and crackles, which indicate pulmonary toxicity. The medic
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ation needs to be discontinued immediately if pulmonary toxicity occurs. Options 1, 2, and 3 are unrelat
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ed to the specific use of this medication.
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QUESTION 11 vc
14.) The client with acute myelocytic leukemia is being treated with busulfan (Myleran).
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Which laboratory value would the nurse specifically monitor during treatment with this
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medication? 1. Clotting time 2. Uric acid level 3. Potassium level 4. Blood glucose level
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ANSWER
2. Uric acid level Rationale: Busulfan (Myleran) can cause an increase in the uric acid level. Hyperuricem
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ia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute renal failure. Options 1, 3, and 4 are not s
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pecifically related to this medication. vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 12 vc
15.) The client with small cell lung cancer is being treated with etoposide (VePesid). The
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nurse who is assisting in caring for the client during its administration understands that
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which side effect is specifically associated with this medication? 1. Alopecia 2. Chest pain
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3. Pulmonary fibrosis 4. Orthostatic hypotension
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ANSWER
4. Orthostatic hypotension Rationale: A side effect specific to etoposide is orthostatic hypotension. The c
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lient's blood pressure is monitored during the infusion. Hair loss occurs with nearly all the antineoplasti
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c medications. Chest pain and pulmonary fibrosis are unrelated to this medication.
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QUESTION 13 vc
17.) The client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine (Oncovin). The nurs
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e monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates a side effect specific
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to this medication? 1. Diarrhea 2. Hair loss 3. Chest pain 4. Numbness and tingling in the
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fingers and toes vc vc
ANSWER
