Cybersecurity Fundamentals Exam 2026 | Ethical
Hacking & Network Security Q&A
Question 1
What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?
A. To slow down internet traffic
B. To protect systems, networks, and data from cyber threats
C. To increase hardware costs
D. To remove all software from computers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Cybersecurity focuses on protecting digital systems, networks, applications, and sensitive
information from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft.
Question 2
Which of the following is considered a strong password?
A. 12345678
B. password
C. John2026
D. T$9vL!2qZ#8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Strong passwords contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols, making
them harder to crack through brute-force attacks.
Question 3
What does the term “phishing” refer to?
A. A network repair method
B. A cyberattack that tricks users into revealing sensitive information
C. A software update process
D. A cloud storage service
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Phishing attacks use fake emails, websites, or messages to deceive users into revealing
passwords, banking details, or personal information.
Question 4
Which cybersecurity principle ensures data is accessible only to authorized users?
A. Integrity
B. Confidentiality
C. Availability
D. Authentication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Confidentiality protects sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure through
encryption, passwords, and access controls.
Question 5
What is malware?
A. Hardware damage
B. A secure application
C. Malicious software designed to harm systems
D. A backup utility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Malware includes viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware, and trojans that are designed to
disrupt or compromise computer systems.
Question 6
Which device filters incoming and outgoing network traffic?
A. Keyboard
B. Firewall
C. Scanner
,D. Monitor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on security rules to prevent
unauthorized access.
Question 7
What does VPN stand for?
A. Virtual Private Network
B. Verified Personal Node
C. Virtual Protection Network
D. Variable Public Network
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A VPN creates a secure encrypted connection over the internet, protecting user privacy and
data transmission.
Question 8
Which attack involves overwhelming a server with traffic?
A. SQL Injection
B. Brute Force Attack
C. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack
D. Trojan Attack
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
A DoS attack floods a server or network with excessive requests, making services unavailable
to legitimate users.
Question 9
What is the purpose of encryption?
A. To delete files permanently
B. To convert data into unreadable form for unauthorized users
, C. To increase internet speed
D. To scan for viruses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Encryption protects sensitive information by converting it into coded text that only
authorized parties can decrypt.
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA)?
A. Username only
B. Password only
C. Password plus SMS verification code
D. Email address only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
2FA improves security by requiring two forms of verification, such as a password and a
temporary code.
Question 11
What is ethical hacking?
A. Illegal network intrusion
B. Authorized security testing of systems
C. Deleting company databases
D. Internet censorship
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Ethical hackers are authorized professionals who test systems for vulnerabilities to improve
security defenses.
Question 12
Which malware type demands payment to restore access to files?
A. Worm
Hacking & Network Security Q&A
Question 1
What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?
A. To slow down internet traffic
B. To protect systems, networks, and data from cyber threats
C. To increase hardware costs
D. To remove all software from computers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Cybersecurity focuses on protecting digital systems, networks, applications, and sensitive
information from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft.
Question 2
Which of the following is considered a strong password?
A. 12345678
B. password
C. John2026
D. T$9vL!2qZ#8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Strong passwords contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols, making
them harder to crack through brute-force attacks.
Question 3
What does the term “phishing” refer to?
A. A network repair method
B. A cyberattack that tricks users into revealing sensitive information
C. A software update process
D. A cloud storage service
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Phishing attacks use fake emails, websites, or messages to deceive users into revealing
passwords, banking details, or personal information.
Question 4
Which cybersecurity principle ensures data is accessible only to authorized users?
A. Integrity
B. Confidentiality
C. Availability
D. Authentication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Confidentiality protects sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure through
encryption, passwords, and access controls.
Question 5
What is malware?
A. Hardware damage
B. A secure application
C. Malicious software designed to harm systems
D. A backup utility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Malware includes viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware, and trojans that are designed to
disrupt or compromise computer systems.
Question 6
Which device filters incoming and outgoing network traffic?
A. Keyboard
B. Firewall
C. Scanner
,D. Monitor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on security rules to prevent
unauthorized access.
Question 7
What does VPN stand for?
A. Virtual Private Network
B. Verified Personal Node
C. Virtual Protection Network
D. Variable Public Network
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A VPN creates a secure encrypted connection over the internet, protecting user privacy and
data transmission.
Question 8
Which attack involves overwhelming a server with traffic?
A. SQL Injection
B. Brute Force Attack
C. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack
D. Trojan Attack
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
A DoS attack floods a server or network with excessive requests, making services unavailable
to legitimate users.
Question 9
What is the purpose of encryption?
A. To delete files permanently
B. To convert data into unreadable form for unauthorized users
, C. To increase internet speed
D. To scan for viruses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Encryption protects sensitive information by converting it into coded text that only
authorized parties can decrypt.
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA)?
A. Username only
B. Password only
C. Password plus SMS verification code
D. Email address only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
2FA improves security by requiring two forms of verification, such as a password and a
temporary code.
Question 11
What is ethical hacking?
A. Illegal network intrusion
B. Authorized security testing of systems
C. Deleting company databases
D. Internet censorship
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Ethical hackers are authorized professionals who test systems for vulnerabilities to improve
security defenses.
Question 12
Which malware type demands payment to restore access to files?
A. Worm
